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Qualification - Pearson BTEC International Level 3 Qualifications in Applied Science
Unit Name - Genetics and Genetic Engineering
Unit Level - Level 3
Unit Number - Unit 14
Assignment Title - Genetics and Genetic Engineering
Research to understand influences on the decision making process within the framework of Unit 37: Consumer Behavior and Insight, as part of the Higher National Diploma in Business (RQF) program.
Learning Outcome 1: Understand the structure and function of nucleic acids in order to describe gene expression and the process of protein synthesis
Learning Outcome 2: Explore how the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells contributes to genetic variation
Learning Outcome 3: Explore the principles of inheritance and their application in predicting genetic traits
Learning Outcome 4: Explore basic DNA techniques and the use of genetic engineering technologies
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Learning aim A - Understand the structure and function of nucleic acids in order to describe the process of protein synthesis
• Learners should work in small groups to produce a flipchart sheet that shows their current knowledge and understanding of chromosomes, genes, DNA, types of RNA, genetic code and protein synthesis.
• Oversee a class presentation of the group information, with each member of the group feeding back on at least one point discussed.
• Learners could create models of nucleic acids in pairs or small groups. Encourage feedback from all groups. You should comment as needed to ensure accuracy and extend knowledge. Individual learners should collaborate to produce a DNA model.
• Use of animations/simulations should be made for an assessor-led discussion on the structure and role of the types of RNA and stages in protein synthesis. Learners should understand the use of genetic code in protein synthesis. You could lead a discussion about occurrence and impact of errors that can occur during the stages of protein synthesis.
• Learners could carry out research using secondary sources and animations to consolidate their knowledge and understanding of the learning aim content. They can then produce individual portfolios consisting of diagrams and/or photos in a leaflet that explains the structure and function of nucleic acids, protein synthesis and impact of errors associated with the process.
Develop a business plan and communicate how you intend scaling up a business and effectively communicate your approach within the context of Unit 42: Planning for Growth, Investing in the Future & Developing an Exit Plan, in the HND in Business program.
Learning aim B - Explore how the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells contributes to genetic variation
• Learners should carry out practical work to practise preparation of microscope slides (not the same slides as those required for assessment) and use of microscopes. Input from yourself about good drawing technique and the opportunity to practise skills will be required. Guidance is available in the specification.
• Learners should have the opportunity to use prepared slides with microscopes, Bioviewers (if available), secondary source texts and animations from the internet, to follow and understand the stages in mitosis and meiosis.
• Use of chenille sticks/stems will allow learners to model the stages of mitosis and meiosis; this will help consolidate their knowledge and understanding. A discussion about the stages and the impact on variation would be helpful at this point.
• Learners should follow instructions to prepare slides of mitosis and meiosis. Observation records are required to validate the level of competency demonstrated by learners. Learners should produce reports containing diagrams to explain the structure and function of chromosomes and an evaluation of their behaviour during cell division and the relevance to variation.
Prepare a design proposal for a new infrastructure project as part of Unit 18: Civil Engineering Technology within the Higher National Diploma in Construction and The Built Environment.
Learning aim C - Explore the principles of inheritance and their application in predicting genetic traits
• You should introduce learners to the techniques involved in breeding Drosophila to be able to obtain results for processing. Learners will need to maintain records of their investigations (in logbooks).
• While gestation is occurring, secondary sources and your input can be used to revise learner knowledge of monohybrid inheritance, leading to discussion and extension of knowledge to cover dihybrid inheritance of characteristics. Simulations are available on the internet.
• Learners will need to research and present information to peers on the work of Gregor Mendel and its importance in modern genetics.
• The mathematical abilities of learners will need to be extended to cover chi-squared testing and probability.
• Learners will need to undertake research work into genetic diseases. They will then need to make calculations and predictions of how crosses between non-affected, affected and carriers of these diseases affect the next generation. They should consider a wide range of diseases. Learners could work in pairs to choose adisease (you could have cards with diseases on them for learners to select from) and then feed back to the rest of the class.
• Learners will need to collaborate to share results from the breeding investigations undertaken.
• Assessment requires learners to produce a portfolio of evidence that includes a report on the practical work they carried out with an analysis of their results. Notes produced from research into genetic crosses need to be presented, possibly as a report or leaflet, and must include predictions for monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance and variation.
Produce a marketing plan for an organisation as required by Unit 2: Marketing Processes and Planning, specifically the Marketing Planning Report, within the Higher National Diploma in Business program.
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Learning aim D - Explore basic DNA techniques and the use of genetic engineering technologies
• You could introduce the topic by showing clips of DNA being extracted and amplified (PCR), and electrophoresis of a DNA sample. You should encourage discussion about the science of what is happening and why. Learners will need to practise these techniques and to investigate their uses and possible future uses.
• A visit to a research laboratory/university where these techniques are used would add interest and a vocational context to the work. Alternatively, a visiting speaker would give learners the opportunity to ask questions and explore developments in this exciting field.
• Learners will research the other technologies (indicated in the unit content) and their current and potential uses. This will involve use of textbooks, the internet and access to scientific journals and, possibly, documentaries. Learners should research different technologies and then present their findings to the class.
• Learners will be assessed on their ability to carry out the basic techniques they have practised. Assessors will need to validate the level of performance achieved by each learner in conjunction with learner reports of their own investigations. Using their research notes, the future of genetic engineering technologies and their applications in medicine and commerce must be analysed and evaluated in a report or information leaflet produced by individual learners for assessment.
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Learning aim
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Key content areas
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Recommended assessment approach
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A Understand the structure and function of nucleic acids in order to describe gene expression and the process of protein synthesis
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A1 Nucleic acids
A2 The basis of the genetic code
A3 Protein synthesis
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A portfolio of evidence to include:
• photographic evidence of DNA models made by learners
• a leaflet/report explaining the structure of nucleic acids and how they code for protein synthesis
• annotated diagrams of the stages of protein synthesis, how and where the stages occur and analysis of impact of possible errors.
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B Explore how the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells contributes to genetic variation
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B1 Human chromosome
B2 Cell division and its role in variation
B3 Practical demonstration of slide preparation of dividing cells
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A portfolio of evidence to include:
• a leaflet on the structure and function of human chromosomes
• an observation record of microscope slide preparation of mitosis and meiosis
• annotated diagrams identifying the stages in mitosis and meiosis.
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- a report explaining and evaluating how the behaviour of the chromosomes during meiosis leads to variation.
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C Explore the principles of inheritance and their application in predicting genetic traits
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C1 Principles of classical genetics
C2 Further genetics
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A portfolio of evidence to include:
• an observation record to validate the practical work carried out on Drosophila
• statistical analysis of the patterns of inheritance ratios from practical work
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• genetic diagrams and report using appropriate terminology to predict and describe the results of genetic crosses.
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D Explore basic DNA techniques and the use of genetic engineering technologies
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D1 DNA extraction
D2 Gel electrophoresis
D3 DNA amplification
D4 Transformation of cells
D5 Uses of genetic engineering
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A portfolio of evidence to include:
• a brief report on practical techniques carried out and their applications in industry and medicine
• observation records to validate the practical work
• a report on how restriction enzymes and electrophoresis work with an explanation of stem cell therapies and their uses.
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