Contents
L01 - Formulate and Plan a Sustainable Engineering Problem
Task 1: Selection of Sustainable Engineering Project
Task 2: Creation of Project Plan for the Sustainable Engineering Project
Task 3: Feasibility Study for the Sustainable Engineering Project
Task 4: Effect of Legislation and ethics for development of Project Plan
L02 - Project Planned Activities for Solution outcome for Sustainable Engineering Problem
Task 5: Project activities against the Project Plan
Task 6: Alternate method to monitor and meet the Project Milestone
Task 7: Evaluation of Project Plan and recommended improvements
L03 - Project Report analysis at each stages
Task 8: Prepare the Project report covering various stages
Task 9: Project Analysis using various tools and techniques
L04 - Project Report Conclusion and outcome of the project
Task 10: Project report presentation
Task 11: Project performance evaluation and analysis
Task 12: Review the Project outcome and recommendation for further development
L01 - Formulate and Plan a Sustainable Engineering Problem
Task 1: Selection of Sustainable Engineering Project
Background
The United Nations forecasts the world's population in 2040 around 9 billion people. The population growth barrier is not only counting the people in number. The population needs essential things to survive such as food, cloths, water, air, shelter etc. To lead our day to day life people make use of different types of energy. They need chemical energy, Mechanical energy, Thermal energy, Magnetic energy, potential energy, kinetic energy and electric energy directly or indirectly. Due too many advancements in socio economic fields of people such medical facilities, transportation, cultivation, agriculture consume more energy. In general energies are classified into two categories such as renewable energy and non-renewable energy. A non-renewable resources is not regenerated those are natural resources. The energy is generated from the natural resource which exist certain limit. Example for non-renewable energy is nuclear energy. Uranium is essential to produce nuclear energy. When uranium is continuously utilized it is gone. In this case the nuclear energy is non-renewable energy. Like uranium, petroleum, coal and natural gas are treated as non-renewable resources because these resources cannot be replaced in a short duration of time. The resources are also called as fossil fuels. The production of coal consumes long period of time and various chemical reaction under the earth. Coal production is long term process. Likewise, oil and gas take long period to generate. The non-renewable resources those are not remade over short period of time. Renewable resources are the resources those are re-created over short period of time. The renewable resources include wind, biomass, and water, solar and geothermal. The energy which is generated from renewable resources is called as renewable energy. Biomass is organic substances those are from animals, plants. The energy is from burning organic substances are called as biomass energy. The water or hydroelectric energy is generated from the running force of the water.
Electricity play vital role in every day human life. Without electricity people feels very difficult to run their life. Due to the ever growth of population consumes more electricity. The need of electric energy is more essential. Electricity is produced from water, wind, biomass etc. The hydroelectricity is produced from water. To produce electricity wind energy is converted into an electric energy. The most important form of energy generation is from Biomass. The plants, animals, agriculture, house waste are called as biomass. The energy extracted from biomass is called as biomass energy. Biomass energy plays vital role in renewable energy generation due to tremendous need of electricity.
Biomass energy is the readily available energy in rural and urban location of all over the country. They are many biomass industries running to promote biomass based energy co conservations. Heat and electrical energy is retrieved from the biomass waste by burning those waste directly. It is the most common technique of energy production. Applying advanced gasification techniques, it produces thermal energy.
Biomass is the term for living substance those are derived from plants after photosynthetic process. The materials derived from the living organism due to photosynthesis process belong to biomass. Living organism include plants, trees, harvested grass, water plants etc.
The functioning form of energy can be retrieved from Biomass. The energies are methane gas, fuels for transportation like ethanol and biodiesel. Landfill gas or biogas can be gathered from domestic waste, agricultural waste and human waste.
Due to vast population growth and energy consumption, the society requires sustainable solution for the present problem without creating any adverse effect for the globe. Energy is more important for people to sustain their life and for their development. Biomass is one of the outstanding solutions to generate energy in the form of biogas, biodiesel, vegetable oil and direct burning the biomass. The design and development of SUSTAINABLE WASTE CONTROLLING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION" is proposed due to the importance of managing the waste and converting the waste into an efficient usable energy.
Task 2: Creation of Project Plan for the Sustainable Engineering Project
Task 3: Feasibility Study for the Sustainable Engineering Project
Feasibility study analyse the possible factors to execute the project successfully. It analyses legal and technical possible aspects as well as economic aspect to complete the project. It explains whether the investment in various sectors for the project is worthy or not. It is used to analyse the possible solutions to run the efficient project. Feasibility analysis has five components such as technical feasibility, economic feasibility, legal feasibility, operational feasibility and scheduling feasibility.
Technical feasibility
This method analyse the technical factors of the organization to execute the project. This feasibility study analyses the technical resources including hardware, software, and networking. Technical feasibility is helped to convert the logical ideas into working models. It should be fulfilled to run the complete project.
Economic feasibility
The feasibility study analyses the estimated budget is enough to run the working model. It analyses all the cost factors of the project.
Legal Feasibility
The engineering product develops things to make better society. The product should be creating positive impact for people. The engineering product is should be beneficial for the society. The product accounts the need of the society. The engineering product should encounter the following ethics such as acceptable risk, compliance, confidence, integrity of data, conflict of interest, impact on society, confidentiality, honest and dishonest ratio, goodness about the product etc. Ethics is of the component of engineering. It has two dimensionalities such as social responsibilities and professional responsibilities. The fundamental canons, the practice rule and obligations of professional are the three parts of engineering code in ethics.Ethics for the development of the project are as follows Transportation needs alternate solution for fossil fuels,Fossil fuels are unsustainable and Biofuels are the best remedy for fossil fuels.
Operational feasibility
It determines the project is how much satisfied the organizational objectives and requirements. The good project should satisfy all the mandatory requirements of the organization.
The project aims to fulfil the objective and specification of the project on the specified time, specified budget and resources. Techniques are available to evaluate the project with the specified requirements. The project team allocate preference for the mandatory requirement while developing the project.
Scheduling feasibility
Scheduling feasinbility analyses the estimated project duration to complete the project. It is more important phase for a successful project. It studies the each and every activity with the estimated time. It analyses whether the each activity of the project is completed on time or not. If no, it analyses the reason for the delay of the project. The scheduling feasibility investigates the constraints of the project may face. It include three type of constraints such as internal project constraints, internal corporate constraints and external constraints.
Internal project constraint inludes technical aspects, technology factors, resources, budget etc.
Internal corporate constraints include marketing, aspects, financial aspects and export features etc.
External constraints include transportation and logistics process, laws and legislations, rule and regulation etc.
Advantages of feasibility study
• Enhance the project
• Create new opportunities of business
• Helpful in decision making process
• Analysis the factors for delay of the project
• Enhances the success factors
• Identify the best roué for successful projects
The Feasibility study towards the implementation of this project will be based on the specific objectives in implementation.
1. To develop equipment for the Biogas generation this can be sold in market.
2.Develop technical and marketing capacity for further scalability
3. Provide a sustainable development of biogas plant for the country.
The Feasibility study includes Economics and Social performance of biogas power generation and installation of this at the sites.
Task 4: Effect of Legislation and ethics for development of Project Plan
The engineering product develops things to make better society. The product should be creating positive impact for people. The engineering product is should be beneficial for the society. The product accounts the need of the society. The engineering product should encounter the following ethics such as acceptable risk, compliance, confidence, integrity of data, conflict of interest, impact on society, confidentiality, honest and dishonest ratio, goodness about the product etc. Ethics is of the component of engineering. It has two dimensionalities such as social responsibilities and professional responsibilities. The fundamental canons, the practice rule and obligations of professional are the three parts of engineering code in ethics.
The professional duties of the engineer while designing engineering product for te society are as follows
• To produce product for health, safety and welfare for the society
• Satisfy the objective of the product development in truthful manner
• Avoid dishonest actions for providing products
Ethics for the development of the project
• Transportation needs alternate solution for fossil fuels
• Fossil fuels are unsustainable
• Biofuels are the best remedy for fossil fuels
Legislation policies for biofuels are as follows
• 2009-European commission Renewable energy
• 2009-european fuel quality directive
• 2009-Renewable transport Fuel Obligation Order
Biofuels from biomass
The agricultural waste such as sugar cane or wheat produces bioethanol
The oil crops like sunflower, palm and soybean yields biodiesel.
There are three case occurred in US, Malaysia and Brazil regarding biofuel production. The production of biofuel affects the ethics of the social responsibility of the product. It affects food security, water security in United States. In Brazil environment is effected due to biomass projects and it also create health hazards for labours for burning the biomass materials. Malaysia is affected by environment changes and increasing proves for palm products.
Environmental Issues for Biomass
The proposed project should overcome the above mentioned shortcoming discussed in the case studies.
L02 - Project Planned Activities for Solution outcome for Sustainable Engineering Problem
The following are the project planned activities:
Determining the requirements of the project
It deals about the data, functionality methods to process on the data, technical and non technical infrastructure to execute the project. The requirements are based on the achievement of the scope of the project.
Determining the state of the documented source files and databases
To complete the project with in specified duration of time, it requires proper understanding of the scope of the project, objective, available resources to execute the project, constraints to execute the project and so on. It takes time to review the entire analysis regarding the project.
Revision of cost estimates
It includes detailed cost estimation of plant to convert biomass into energy, transportation to carry the waste materials, categorization of waste materials, chemical processing etc.
Risk assessment analysis
Analysing the risk involved to execute the project successfully. To excute the project the social economic risk analysis, health risk analyses are important.
Identifying success factors
The success factor for the project is based on over population waste materials are also produced that much quantity. The source for this project is easy to acquire. From the waste material wealth will be created. The employment opportunities are increased based on that industry.
Biogas is the gas produced from animal wastage, plant and human wastage. The plant can translate the waste into biofuel. The fuel can be used in home, transportation etc. the gas has the following components such as methane, carbon dioxide, water vapour and small quantities of oxygen, nitrogen, NH3H2H2S. It has the above mentioned gases in the following ratios such as methane 50-70%, carbon dioxide 45%, water vapours 2-8%. The gas has high amount of methane. Based on the wastage and plant processing power the amount of bio gas produced from the wastage. The amount of gas produce is directly proportional to biomass wastage.
The oil crops can be converted into biodiesel. The crops of sugar beet and sugar cane produce bioethanol.
Task 5: Project activities against the Project Plan
The project activity is group of all planned activities required for project. The list consist the details manpower to execute the activity, description of each activity. The management processes of activity are as follows activities performed in sequential manner, estimation of resources to perform activity, estimation of duration to perform activity, schedule development and schedule controlling.
The scheduled task of project with unique beginning and end is known as activity. The activity consists several sub tasks to complete the activity all the tasks must be completed. Each activity is performed with in the specified duration of time.
In olden days biomass is simply burn and gets het energy. Nowadays biomass impact the world high. The biomass energy can be used directly or indirectly. The heat is used for cooking or industrial purposes are example for direct usage. The energy is used as electricity is example for indirect usage.
The direct utilization of biomass waste pollute atmosphere due to direct burning and also the energies are mostly wasted. Recently different techniques are available to transfer biomass to energy. These techniques transfer the biomass into solid fuels, liquid, and gas fuels. The biomass has carbohydrates which is broken into various chemicals to get fuels.
The task achieved in 3 ways such as
Biochemical
Bacteria, yeast and some microorganism chunks the carbohydrates. The biomass liquids are converted into flammable fuel during fermentation process.
Thermochemical
The liquids are converted into different flammable fuels or gases when the plant gets heated.
These gases further refined to get the fuel such as methane and alcohol.
The component of biomass plant is gasifiers which capture the methane gas and convert into electricity.
Chemical
Biomass oils can be transferred into liquid fuels like petrol and diesel etc,
In our scenario, Thermochemical, Chemical and bio chemical are the activities of the project waste controlling and to produce efficient energy. Each activity performs individually. Each activity has scheduled time and task to complete.
Task 6: Alternate method to monitor and meet the Project Milestone
A project milestone is an activity of zero tine duration. The project milestone exhibits the most important achievement in project. The project milestone has the various events. The events are executed sequentially to complete the project with in the specified duration of time. The project milestone shows the advancement of the project. The milestone denotes the achievement of the project at one time. The start and end date of the milestone depends upon the task start and end date. The milestone purely depends upon the task.
In our scenario, collecting the biomass waste from various sources like agriculture, domestic waste, animal waste, and plant waste is one of the milestones. After collecting the material and send those materials into warehousing is another milestone. Categorizing those wastes into predefined groups is another milestone. Processing each category of waste material in the plant and generate energies is one of the milestones. The project objective is fulfilling only by crossing all the milestonessuccessfully.
Task 7: Evaluation of Project Plan and recommended improvements
Evaluating project plan
It has the two following observations such as desired outcomes of the project and the performance measurement of the acquired output. It provides the detailed work analysis of the project. It shows the project structure and evidence of the results acquired from the experiment; knowledge regarding the given problem can acquire from this phase. Tools are available to check the quality of the results of the problem
Reliable performance tools
The performance measurement tools yields details about results of the experiments, The tools and performance measures should be reliable to outlook the actual problem.
Excellence and uniformity
Quality or excellence measurement tools available to check te quality and life time of the project based on the entire analysis of the project. It analyse the scope of the project, resource utilization, time consumption, quality if the results,, reliability of the results etc,
Developing evaluation plan
• Defining the information required for the plan
• Periodic projects monitoring and assessment
• Keep tracking of activities achievement and milestones
• The overall project objective and milestone
Determining the source of information and methods to collect those info ration is essential.
• Activities regarding the projects such as log activity
• Activities performed during the project time
• The characteristics of the information collected for the project
• The data collection methods such as interview, group discussion, surveys, observation etc.
• Finding the pattern of data collection
• How to produce the derived results in the form reports, visualization etc.
L03 - Project Report analysis at each stages
Fulfilment of the objective
The project should fulfil the objective fixed whileinitialling the project. The completed project should fulfil the objective of the project implementation.
In our scenario, the objective of the development of engineering problem is to reduce the biomass waste and produce the wealth from the waste materials. The energy is the most valuable wealth for the society. The biomass wastage can produce the energies for transportation, household activities and industry process etc.
Deliver the report based on the audience
The report result should be used for the audience. The results should be understood by the audience. The audience can make use of the results as when it delivered from the project system.
In our project the deliverable results are fuels in the form of solid, liquid and gas. These fuels can beconsumed by the society from the plant directly to our vehicles, household activities, industry process etc.
Format of the report and type of the report
The concept Format of the report and type of the report deals about how the result to be delivered to the audience understandable manner.
In our project, the report should include the output from the engineering model such as waste management control and producing efficient renewable energy. In our project model output will be the consumable energy for the society. It also includes the ethics and legal legislation of the project.
Gathering data
The report should include what are sources are used to complete the project successfully. It list the detailed references of source materials, methodology references etc.
Report structure
The structure consist four important components in the reportsuch as executive summary which shows the brief description of the executed project, introduction section which demonstrates tge background and origin of the problem,body part which shows the detailed methodologies applied to execute the project, experiment conducted during the project, experimental results and analysis, tools applied to analyse the results etc. The final component is concluding part which concludes the entire project. It explains what the achievement of the execution of the project and also explains the current project fulfils the objective etc.
In our proposed model, it fulfils the objective that has specified at the time project initialization.
Readable
It should provide the detailed working methodologies to solve the given problem, experimental analysis and results. It should be easy to read and understand.
Editable
The first copy of the report is not the perfect one. It should have the features to edit and enchance the report.
Task 8: Prepare the Project report covering various stages
The project activity is group of all planned activities required for project. The list consist the details manpower to execute the activity, description of each activity. The management processes of activity are as follows activities performed in sequential manner, estimation of resources to perform activity, estimation of duration to perform activity, schedule development and schedule controlling.
The scheduled task of project with unique beginning and end is known as activity. The activity consists several sub tasks to complete the activity all the tasks must be completed. Each activity is performed with in the specified duration of time.
The Project Report covering the stages in biogas plant are tank, digester, holder for gas and tank to ensure for overflow. Also the construction of these at one site is again a challengeable conditions. The facility report covering the facilities with all the required items as specified in the Plan. Soil check is also part of this stage.
Dimensional setup is also a next stage in project where we are supposed to have evacavcation works done to make the fermenter and other equipment installed. The construction of digester for commercial purpose.
Integration of heat tubes has to ensure that temperature is maintained and other micro chemical process shall be adhered.
Deployment of technology at various stages are discussed. Computer Aided Design (CAD) is prepared with full layout of dimensions and placement of various associated components. The Gas plat has various sub model created and calculation for the components are done and then a gas processing unit is established. Mixing of technology is greatly achievable.
Monitoring and control stages: Various critical components are monitored, and tasked to ensure that no failure occur in the system. Running the plant and make it generate the power as required and distribute locally to the users.
Safety measure is one of the important thing that we need to keep abreast on every aspect of project implementation. The Anaerobic digesters with manure will have some side effects. Hence the extreme caution shall be established at various points, with Fire/explosion boards placed at each location. The safety team is ensure that precautions are taken properly from the site.
Data for each stages are captured and filled in tool for further analysis. The data capture will make sure that report is fully supported with evidence and it will make the discussion with stakeholder for further review and approval.
Collection of Biomass materials
In our scenario, collecting the biomass waste from various sources like agriculture, domestic waste, animal waste, and plant waste is one of the milestones.
Technologies to convert biomass into consumable energy
Direct combustion
In olden days biomass is simply burn and gets het energy. Nowadays biomass impact the world high. The biomass energy can be used directly or indirectly. The heat is used for cooking or industrial purposes are example for direct usage. The energy is used as electricity is example for indirect usage.
Analysis
The direct utilization of biomass waste pollute atmosphere due to direct burning and also the energies are mostly wasted.
Advanced Methods
Recently different techniques are available to transfer biomass to energy. These techniques transfer the biomass into solid fuels, liquid, and gas fuels. The biomass has carbohydrates which are broken into various chemicals to get fuels.
The task achieved in 3 ways such as
Biochemical
Bacteria, yeast and some microorganism chunks the carbohydrates. The biomass liquids are converted into flammable fuel during fermentation process.
Thermochemical
The liquids are converted into different flammable fuels or gases when the plant gets heated.
These gases further refined to get the fuel such as methane and alcohol.
The component of biomass plant is gasifiers which capture the methane gas and convert into electricity.
Chemical
Biomass oils can be transferred into liquid fuels like petrol and diesel etc,
In our scenario, Thermochemical, Chemical and bio chemical are the activities of the project waste controlling and to produce efficient energy. Each activity performs individually. Each activity has scheduled time and task to complete.
Supply chain management
Energy delivered to society
There are various stations to supply the energies into various forms such as biogas, bio liquids or bio solids etc. through supply chain management.
Task 9: Project Analysis using various tools and techniques
Projects are time constraint activities to achieve specific goals. Project manager has the responsibility to deliver the successful project on time. The project manager should prepare budget, estimate time duration, estimate human resources, technical and on technical specification for the project to complete. Before the execution of the project, the project is monitored at regular intervals to analyse the progress of the project. The task relies on different tools and techniques. Different types of analysis carried out to check the progress of the project.
Financial
A financial analysis involves the cost oriented activities at all levels to complete the project. Various cost analysis tool is used to analyse the cost factor, purchase order, sales order, preparing budget etc.
PERT
PERT referred as Project Evaluation and Review Technique is one of the powerful tool for analysis the project. It has the feature to display charts through which the project manager can conclude the progress details of the project. It also has the advance to track the scheduled activities and milestones. PERT is used to analyse the critical path which useful for the manager to tack the critical path and monitor any delays for the project.
Risk Analysis
Risk analysis involves contingency details of the organization. Risk analysis monitor the failure of the project in such a way that, the project cannot be completed on time, the project cannot delivered on time, project cannot completed with the available resources and estimated budgets.
Requirements
The project aims to fulfil the objective and specification of the project on the specified time, specified budget and resources. Techniques are available to evaluate the project with the specified requirements. The project team allocate preference for the mandatory requirement while developing the project.
The Project Analysis shall be done by four method. These are
1. Descriptive Analysis: This done by showing the information gathered against the project plan. The analysis also contains the study of the biogas implementation and site inspection phase.
2. Judgement: The results from the Judgement analysis shows the various stakeholder response towards this project. How this project will ensure that they will have a better water supply and sanitation.
The Tool that could be used for analysis is SWOT Method.
SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats.
Under Strength categories we have a. new source of income, new markets and heating cost increase. In weakness categories, insufficient labor, biomass purchase and poor process in setting up this plant.
In Threats, we could add Disruption of supply and shortage of fuel and waste. More importantly land owner ship problem.
In Opportunities, we have long term contract to be established with various vendors, collection of corporation or street wastes by one specific vendor.
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) techniques:
Various parameters shall be considered for calculation of payback period once the deployment is completed. The biodegradable wastes with waste management concepts applied to the new role. The investment of technology for making this project to a live and capturing the data.
The amount of investment done by the stakeholders shall be realised and provide with the payback amount. This drastically shifting from higher cost to the lower cost.
The amount of power generated from the source and being utilised for full 100% efficiency. The Government has number of policy which are sceptical for bioenergy industries.
The analysis that is being carried shows that there could high risk of shortage of materials, land shortage and government policy with behaviour of people and country.
L04 - Project Report Conclusion and outcome of the project
The project proposed SUSTAINABLE WASTE CONTROLLING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION benefit for the society and the environment in the following ways:
• The project produces energy from wastage materials
• Different form of energy is generated from waste materials
• Efficient waste management through biomass project
• Atmosphere is not affected
• Improvement for hygienic environment through proper disposal of waste materials
• Enhancement for better health
• Creation of employment opportunities
• Recreation of energy
• Reduction of work load
• Save environment through avoiding soil, water, air pollutions
• It increases source of income
• Save our earth through efficient management system
Task 10: Project report presentation
The Project report shall contain the current status of the implementation of Bio gas plant. The report also shall cover the findings, data analysis and interpretation of the available data on output generated.
The Resource plan is fully updated with against required specification.
Task 11: Project performance evaluation and analysis
The Bio gas project performance analysis is done based on the schedule that is planned to be executed for implementation and within the cost and timely delivery. The quality is another measure that will be used to ensure that all the objectives are really satisfied.
Feedback from the various team members, stakeholders are considered for evaluation at the site. Retrospection at each stage is really a need of an hour to make the loop closed with improvements are adapted back to the point.
Key performance indicators are made available to make the whole project to a key success. The Parameters required for measuring the cost, quality, schedule and risk have to be shown in the dashboard. So the senior management has the high visibility to cater to risk down and go forward for a success in achieving the goals.
Task 12: Review the Project outcome and recommendation for further development
Due to vast population growth and energy consumption, the society requires sustainable solution for the present problem without creating any adverse effect for the globe. Energy is more important for people to sustain their life and for their development. Biomass is one of the outstanding solutions to generate energy in the form of biogas, biodiesel, vegetable oil and direct burning the biomass. The design and development of SUSTAINABLE WASTE CONTROLLING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION" is proposed due to the importance of managing the waste and converting the waste into an efficient usable energy.
Developing a commercial sustainable engineering project "Biogas" is based a good project plan and implementation with three major factor to be closely monitored.
The project should give more focus to the small house to a big house where more people are living. The government should give a more advantage for the persons who will utilise these technological solution implemented. The Promotion of this biogas implementation for a small house should be promoted in large way which will increase the usage and reduce the food waste and vegetable waste. This will improve the environmental conditions and keep the hygiene life of the people in good way.
More consideration shall be provided for safety measures during the installation and have a monitoring system to ensure that no harmful gas is generated out of digester.
The Major conclusion is that sustainable engineering project "Biogas" has able to meet all the goals and objective as we discussed earlier. This project will have a clear Cost benefit for a long turn and would require a wide area for implementation. More training and coaching about this project has to be provided. General awareness has to be brought to the larger community so the thrust and pull for this project will be started.
The Quality measures have to be really strengthened for wide use and control on each parameters has to be established.
The project should give focus more for planning from bottom to up and the overall objectives will be achieved.
The synergy between various initiatives of biogas projects shall be improved to get the initial cost to be lowered and process on design and development shall be improved.