Measurement and Estimating For Quantity Surveying Assignment Help

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Qualification - Pearson BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals in Quantity Surveying

Unit Name - Measurement and Estimating for Quantity Surveying

Unit Number - Unit 5

Unit Level - Level 4

Assignment Title - Measurement and Estimating for Quantity Surveying

Unit code - K/618/1768

Learning Outcome 1: Define standard measurement techniques used for taking-off quantities for estimating purposes

Answer: For estimating purposes, taking off quantities in construction involves meticulously measuring and listing all the materials, labor, and equipment required for a project. Standard measurement techniques ensure consistency, accuracy, and clarity across different projects and stakeholders. The primary methods employed include manual quantity takeoff, where measurements are extracted directly from physical or digital drawings using scale rulers and calculators. This traditional approach, while time-intensive, is effective for smaller projects or for developing fundamental surveying skills.

However, the industry increasingly relies on digital quantity takeoff software. These tools allow estimators to upload and calibrate drawings (e.g., PDFs or CAD files) and then use on-screen measurement tools to quickly calculate lengths, areas, and volumes. This significantly improves speed and accuracy, enables easier collaboration, and provides a clear audit trail.

Beyond these fundamental approaches, standardized methods of measurement are crucial. In the UK and many international contexts, the RICS New Rules of Measurement (NRM) suite provides comprehensive guidelines. NRM is divided into three volumes: NRM 1 for early cost estimating and cost planning, NRM 2 for detailed measurement of building works (used for preparing Bills of Quantities), and NRM 3 for cost planning building maintenance works. Similarly, for civil engineering projects, the Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM4) is widely used. CESMM4 provides a systematic framework for classifying, describing, and measuring civil engineering works, facilitating the preparation of Bills of Quantities and accurate tendering. These standardized methods ensure that all parties involved understand what is being measured and how, minimizing ambiguities and disputes, and ultimately leading to more reliable cost estimations.

Learning Outcome 2: Perform taking-off techniques in the production of a range of quantities for building or infrastructure works

Answer: Performing quantity take-off for building or infrastructure works is a meticulous process that begins with a thorough review of project plans, specifications, and relevant documentation. This initial step is critical to understanding the scope, design, and specific requirements of the project. Once the plans are understood, the estimator identifies and lists all the individual components and materials required, from large structural elements like concrete and steel to smaller details like doors, windows, electrical wiring, and plumbing fixtures.

For building works, techniques often involve measuring linear lengths (e.g., for walls, beams, pipes, cables), areas (e.g., for flooring, roofing, painting, finishes), and volumes (e.g., for concrete, excavation, earthworks). Infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges, and drainage systems, also utilize these measurements but often involve additional considerations like calculating cut and fill volumes for earthwork, linear measurements for road sections and utilities, and unit counts for items like manholes or streetlights.

The actual "taking off" can be done manually using scale rulers on printed drawings, or more commonly, through digital quantity takeoff software. Digital tools allow for faster and more accurate measurements, with features like on-screen scaling, auto-counting, and direct calculation of areas and volumes from CAD files or PDFs. Building Information Modeling (BIM) takes this a step further, enabling automated quantity extraction directly from 3D models, significantly streamlining the process and improving data consistency. Throughout the process, adherence to standardized methods of measurement, such as the New Rules of Measurement (NRM) for building works or the Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM4) for infrastructure, is essential to ensure consistency, prevent omissions, and facilitate accurate cost estimation and procurement.

Learning Outcome 3: Interpret the principles and techniques of estimating in compiling a final price

Answer: Compiling a final project price requires interpreting various estimating principles and techniques, ultimately ensuring a comprehensive and reliable offer. The core principle is to cover all direct and indirect costs, along with a reasonable profit margin, while accounting for uncertainties. Direct costs include expenses directly attributable to the project's physical execution, such as materials, labor (including wages, benefits, and overtime), and equipment (purchase, rental, maintenance, fuel). Indirect costs, also known as overheads, encompass expenses not directly tied to a specific work item but necessary for the project's execution, such as site management, temporary facilities, insurance, permits, and administrative expenses. Profit, meanwhile, is the desired return on investment for the contractor.

Estimating techniques employed to arrive at these figures vary based on project maturity and available information. Early in a project's lifecycle, analogous estimating (using historical data from similar past projects) and parametric estimating (applying statistical relationships between historical data and project parameters, like cost per square meter) provide quick, high-level estimates. As the design progresses and more detail becomes available, bottom-up estimating becomes crucial. This meticulous technique involves breaking down the project into its smallest components, estimating the cost of each task or material from first principles (material quantities, labor hours, equipment rates), and then aggregating these detailed costs to arrive at a total.

Beyond these fundamental calculations, successful estimating incorporates vital principles: accuracy and precision in data collection and calculations, transparency and traceability by documenting assumptions and sources, and inclusivity to ensure all potential costs are considered. Crucially, risk and uncertainty must be factored in. This is often done through contingency reserves, which are additional funds allocated to cover unforeseen circumstances, price fluctuations, or scope changes. Techniques like three-point estimating (considering optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely scenarios) help quantify this uncertainty. Finally, the estimated price undergoes validation through internal reviews and cross-checks, often by an expert team, to ensure it is robust, competitive, and aligns with the project's strategic objectives. The final price presented to a client will therefore not just be a sum of costs, but a carefully considered figure that reflects the complete scope, associated risks, and desired profitability.

Learning Outcome 4: Prepare an estimate for a work activity

Answer: Preparing an estimate for a work activity in the UK construction industry requires a systematic approach, often adhering to the RICS New Rules of Measurement (NRM) to ensure consistency and transparency. Let's consider a common activity like the "installation of a blockwork wall" for a new residential building.

Firstly, the estimator would conduct a meticulous quantity takeoff from the architectural and structural drawings. This involves calculating the linear metres of blockwork, accounting for openings (doors and windows), and determining the number of blocks required, typically adding a percentage for waste (e.g., 5-10%). Concurrently, the quantities of associated materials such as mortar (sand, cement, water), wall ties, dpc (damp proof course), and lintels for openings would be calculated.

Next, unit rates for each component are established. For materials, current supplier prices in the UK market would be sourced, considering delivery costs and potential bulk discounts. For labour, the estimated number of bricklayers and labourers required, along with their hourly rates (including on-costs like National Insurance and pension contributions), would be determined, factoring in realistic productivity rates for laying blocks. Plant and equipment costs, such as mortar mixers, scaffolding, and any lifting equipment, would also be incorporated, based on hire rates or depreciation if owned.

Finally, these direct costs are aggregated. To this sum, preliminaries are added, which are the general costs of running the site, such as site management, temporary facilities (welfare units, offices), security, insurance, and compliance with UK health and safety regulations. A percentage for overheads and profit is then applied to the total, reflecting the contractor's operational costs and desired return. Crucially, a contingency allowance (typically 5-10% in the UK) is included to cover unforeseen events, design changes, or fluctuations in material prices. The entire estimate should be presented clearly, often using an NRM-compliant format, detailing assumptions made, exclusions, and the breakdown of costs to provide a comprehensive and justifiable price for the work activity.

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Assignment Brief

Your employment as assistant quantity surveyor in an international quantity surveying practice has commenced. The firm which you work has been appointed by a new client as the client's advisor/ consultant for a foreign funded housing project. This client wants to understand the processes of measurement and estimating and the preparation of estimates throughout a project. Your Senior Quantity Surveyor has asked you to take on the responsibility for developing information to assist the client in understanding this. These will be presented to the client, to provide them with a clear understanding of how you will be undertaking the necessary work for estimating the project costs. Shown below a summary of the tasks which you are requested to perform during this exercise and you will be guided by the Senior Quantity Surveyor with detailed guideline.

» Task 01- Explain the techniques for producing accurate quantities and how a rule of measurement supports this. Comparing different techniques for producing quantities will allow you to critically evaluate an estimating technique and its accuracy.

» Task 02- Using dimension paper, show the taking-off of quantities for a range of construction activities and abstract these. To produce an accurate bill of quantities for a work section, from the design drawings, you will need to apply a standard method of measurement.

» Task 03- To illustrate the way in which labour informs estimates, you will calculate labour unit rates and all-in rates for a range of construction activities and analyze the factor that have an effect on the compilation of unit rates.

» Task 04- Finally, you will present your estimate for a work activity by producing a comprehensive estimate and explain the level of variation in estimates. Comparing the techniques used will allow you to evaluate estimating techniques for the different stages of a project lifecycle.

TASK 01 A
You are requested to provide following for the initial stages of the above project in the report in which will be produced to the client.
» An explanation on the technique that you will use to produce quantities
» Why accuracy is important when using this technique.

The production of accurate quantities is essential in avoiding disputes and claims during the construction stages of a project. International and UK projects' quantities are produced to an agreed format. This format is termed a `Rule of Measurement' and in the UK this is produced by the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors.

1A. I Explain the techniques that can be used, both digitally and manually, for the production of accurate quantities for the above housing project. (P1)
1A.2 Critically evaluate an estimating technique to its accuracy in the production of quantities relating to the above project. (DI)
1A.3 Explain how the use of rule of measurement supports the production of accurate quantities. (P2)
1A.4 Compare techniques used for production of quantities against the life cycle of a project. (M1)

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TASK 01B
You will be tasked with assembling a bill of quantities (Using NRM2) in tender stage for some of the sections of the housing project based on the information provided below (Part 1Ba, 1Bb and 18c)
Part 1 Ba - Substructure- Appendix la
Part 1 Bb - Superstructure - Appendix lb
Part 1 Bc - External works and Drainage Services - Appendix lc
NOTE - Following tasks are applicable to above Parts 1 Ba, 1 Bb and 1 Be

1B.1 Take-off quantities using standard dimension paper (TDS sheet)/ any digital method by accurately applying standard method of measurement which is specified in the brief for the following elements. (P3) & (M2)

1B.2 Abstract quantities in a standard Abstract sheet for the range of quantities taken-off in task 1 B. I and produce an accurate bill of quantities, using an industry standard format, for the items taken off in part 1B. I above. Bill pages should be processed in spread sheets following the standard format shown in the NRM2.

Following table shows method which should be used in preparation of dimensions sheets, abstract sheets and bill pages.

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TASK 02

Your Senior Quantity Surveyor is expecting you to prepare the report based on the information in Task 02A and Task 02B shown below.

TASK 02A
Quoted below an extract from the book Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work by Martin Brook on Analytical estimating.

"Analytical estimating is a method for determining unit rates by examining individual resources and the amounts needed for each unit of work. This method for pricing bills of quantities is described in the CIOB Code of Estimating Practice, in four stages:

1. Establish all-in rates for the individual resources in terms of a rate per hour for labour, a rate per hour for items of plant and the cost per unit of material delivered and unloaded at the site.

2. Select methods and outputs to calculate net unit rates to set against items in the bill of quantities.

3. Add to the net cost project overheads, contingencies, inflation and risk.

4. Summarize resources and prepare reports for management."
a. Calculate the Unit Rate for production of 1 m3 of concrete with 1: 1 1/2 :3 (25mm aggregate)

Pricing Information
» Cost of 1 bag of cement Rs.1175 (including delivery cost)
» Allow 2.5% for residual wastage for cement
» Allow 1 hr unskilled for unloading of 1 metric tonne of cement
» Density of cement 1420 kg/m3
» Cost of 1 m3 of sand R.5.4800
» Cost of 1m3 of metal Rs.3200
» Shrinkage of concrete 50%
» Hiring cost of a concrete mixture Rs.550 per hour (without operator)
» Labour gang-1 Hr operator & 2hrs of loaders(unskilled)

» Labour rates-Skilled Rs.325per hour & Unskilled-Rs.200 per hour

b. Calculate unit rates for the below items extracted form a BQ prepared using NRM2 showing rate breakdowns comprising costs of labour, material and plant etc. You should obtain necessary updated cost information and labour, material, plant requirements from reliable sources (books, published documents etc.) or you may use your won company data for the calculation of rates.

You may use necessary assumptions in calculating the rate and state those in your ansN% ers and use an appropriate format in presenting the rate analysis

2A.1 Calculate unit rates for (a) and (b) details shown above by compiling and processing rate build-up data (P5)

2A.2 Analyze the factors that have an effect upon the compilation of unit rates for an estimate (M3)

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TASK 02B

All in rate calculation is required in order to compile a unit rate for a work activity. Refer the following details provided.
a. Labour
All-in rate for Labour

» Basic wage rate : Rs. 8400.00 / week
» EPF/ETF contribution: As per the current applicable percentages
» Accommodation : Its. 2,500.00 / month
» Transport to/from site : Its. 2,000.00 / month
» Medical allowance : Rs. 9,000.00 / year
» Uniforms : Rs. 5,000.00 / year
» Incentives : Rs. 10,000.00 / year
» Annual leave : 21 days per year
» Public holidays : 8 days per year
» Poya days : 12 days per year
» Nonproductive days : 6 days per year
» Working hours to be considered as 8 Hrs per day and 5.5 working days per week.
b. Material

All-in rate for Ceramic Tile
» Purchased price of 1000 ceramic tile Rs 195,000.00 (Tile size 300 x 300mm)
» Allow Rs.625.00 for transportation of 1000 pieces (300 x 300mm) per 1 Km (Distance to site 8 Km)
» Allow three hours of unskilled labour for unloading and stacking 400 pieces
» Allow 3% wastage
c. Plant

All-in rate for Mobile crane
» Capital cost Rs. 105,000,000.00
» Average life of the plant is 4 years

» Scrap value at the end of 4 years Rs. 1,200,000.00
» Insurance premium is 0.3% of the capital value per annum
» Assessed working hours is 10 hours per day for 280 days per annum
» Fuel consumption 4 liters per hour at Rs 130 per liter
» Lubricating oil 10 Liters per month at Rs. 250 per liter
» Tyre2 sets per annum at 150,000 per set
» Periodical services to be done every 500 hours at Rs. 75,000 per service
» All in hourly rate of Operator cost is Rs. 250.00 per hour

2B.1 Calculate all-in rate for labour, material and plant using the information provided in a, b and c above.

You may make reasonable assumptions in your calculations and state the same in your answers (P6)

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TASK 03
Your Senior Quantity Surveyor is expecting you to prepare the report based on the information in Task 01 and Task 03B shown below.

TASK 03A
Appendix 02 shows details of a retaining wall which was not in the original scope of work in an ongoing construction project which consisting of constructing 250 house including development of infrastructure associated with the project. Building works associated with the project is divided among three contractors who are currently engaging with the works. Quotations will be taken from all there contractors for construction of retaining wall (9000mm long).

Instructions:
» You should prepare the measurement sheets using MS Excel and soft copy should be attached with the assignment.
» You may use current market rates in preparing the estimate and attached supportive documents to proof the rates which have been used with properly presenting the alterations made to the date to suit with the requirement

C. You should use SMM7 in taking off quantities

Specifications: Generally
- All details excavations will be started from EGL
- Length of the wall is 9000mm
- EGL to bottom of foundation is 1500mm and thickness of the blinding bed is 50mm
- Height of the Retaining Wall from EGL is 3500mm

Concrete
Blinding bed - Grade 15 concrete
Base and wall - Grade 25 concrete

Formwork
- Basic finish formwork in both substructure and super structure

Reinforcement

- Allow 175kWm3 in all the RC elements

3A.1 Produce a comprehensive estimate for the retaining wall structure (excluding finishes) following the instruction provided in the Task 3A.

3A.2 Explain the reasons for the level of variation in estimates received by stakeholders in the industry even it is being priced for the same project/ activity.

TASK 03B

According to the website architecture (2020), "The RIBA Plan of Work organizes the process of briefing, designing, constructing and operating building projects into eight stages and explains the stage outcomes, core tasks and information exchanges required at each stage". Generally it is required to prepare estimate/ cost plans etc. in all the stages to keep the client updated regarding the project cost.

You may download the RIBA plan of work.

Following Figure 1 (attached) shows the RIBA stages and the formal cost estimating and cost planning stages in context with RIBA plan of work and Figure 2 (attached) shows single rate methods and multiple-rate methods which can be used in cost estimating and cost planning works.

Client wishes to aware of estimating techniques used in costing works in the lifecycle of the project. Further the client wishes to know about the techniques used in estimating final design cost (at a stage which you can provide more accurate estimate for the proposed project). You are requested to perform following tasks by taking the above facts into the account.

3.3 Evaluate estimating techniques used for the different stages of a project's lifecycle by considering the stage stated in the RIBA plan of work - 2007.

3.4 Compare the techniques used for the formulation of budgets with estimating final design costs.

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