Unit 117 Digital and Analogue Devices and Circuits Assignment Help - F/602/2237 Level 5 HND Electronic Engineering

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Coleg Gwent College

Programme: HND Electronic Engineering

Unit Number and Name: Unit 117 Digital and Analogue Devices and Circuits F/602/2237

Level: QCF Level 5

Assignment Title - Operational Amplifier Circuits

TASK 1: L02.1

Evaluate the "operational amplifier" as a device. Your task is to write a report (400 words) that discusses the properties of an ideal operational amplifier. Please include diagrams to aid your discussion.

TASK 2: L02.2

Describe the operation of the following operational amplifiers:
a) Non-Inverting Amplifier
b) Summing Amplifier
c) Differential Amplifier

OPPORTUNITY FOR MERIT
PRODUCE A REPORT FOR TASK 2 THAT DEMONSTRATES THAT YOU HAVE USED A RANGE OF SOURCES TO GATHER INFORMATION FOR DESCRIBING THE OPERATION OF THE THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF AMPLIFIERS. YOU NEED TO USE HARVARD REFERENCING CORRECTLY IN YOUR REPORT. M2

Opportunity for Distinction
Evaluate the performances of the three different amplifiers in Task 2. D3TASK 3: L02.3 (You need to complete all parts to achieve L02.3)

Part A

Design an inverting amplifier with negative feedback that meets the following specification:

Gain:

5 - 10 ± 10%

Low power bandwidth:

 

Lower cut-off frequency

15Hz ± 10% Hz

Upper cut-off frequency

15kHz ±10% Hz

Input resistance (at mid-frequencies)

1 < 5 kΩ ±10% Ω

Name

 

ID

Gain

Input resistance

Ibrahim

Al All

10148996

5

<=1

Suomi

A lbadi

10162278

6

<=2

Aadel

Alblooshi

10148705

7

<=3

Majed

Alblooshi

10148704

8

<=4

Ahmed

A Iliad

10148702

9

<=5

A bdulazei z

A 1 ha ntouhi

10148703

10

<=1

Mohmmad

Aljaziri

10149054

5

<=2

Sued

Alkaabi

10162764

6

<=3

Obaid

A Imansoori

10149150

7

<=4

Abdullab

Alnagbi

10148707

S

< 5

Khalil:1

Mohammad

10148994

9

<=1

Mohammad

Mohammad

10148706

10

<=2

Mohammed

Salmin

10149053

5

<=3

Build the inverting amplifier from Part A in simulation software (Multisim) and take measurements. Test your circuit using small input (0.2V) amplitude signal. You must provide evidence to show the following:

a) Output voltage
b) Voltage gain
c) Frequency response

Demonstrate the circuit operation to your tutor.

Part B

Design a non-inverting amplifier with negative feedback that meets the following specification:

Gain:

5 -> 10 ±10%

Low power bandwidth:

 

Lower cut-off frequency

15Hz ±20% Hz

Upper cut-off frequency

15kHz ±20% Hz

Input resistance (at mid-frequencies)

1<5kΩ ±10% Ω

Name

 

ID

Gain

Input resistance

Ibrahim

Al Ali

10148996

10

<=1

Saood

A lhadi

10162278

5

<=2

Aadcl

A Iblooshi

10148705

6

<=3

Majed

A Iblooshi

10148704

7

<=4

Ahmed

A lfzari

10148702

8

<=5

Abdulazeiz

Alhantoubi

10148703

9

<=1

Mohnunad

Aljaziri

10149054

10

<=2

Saced

A Ikaahi

10162764

5

<=3

Obaid

Almansoori

10149150

6

<=4

A bdullah

A Inagbi

10148707

7

<=5

Khalila

Mohammad

10148994

8

<=1

Mohammad

Mohammad

10148706

9

<=2

Mohammed

Salmin

10149053

10

<=3

Build the inverting amplifier in simulation software (Multisim) and take measurements. Test your circuit using small input (0.2V) amplitude signal. You must provide evidence to show the following:
a) Output voltage
b) Voltage gain
c) Frequency response
Demonstrate the circuit operation to your tutor.

Part C

Design an analogue comparator amplifier. The must have 2 inputs, which will sound an alarm (audio or visual) when the input voltage goes high.

Name

 

ID

Treshold voltage

Ibrahim

Al Ali

10148996

3.2

Sacod

Albadi

10162278

-3.5

Aadcl

Alblooshi

10 I 48705

3.8

Majed

AIbboshi

10148704

3.9

Ahmed

AIlzari

10148702

4.5

Abdulazeiz

Alhantoubi

10148703

5.1

Mohnunad

Aljaziri

10149054

6.4

Stteed

AIkaabi

10162764

0.3

Obaid

Almansoori

10149150

-0.3

Abdullah

AInaqbi

10148707

-3.2

Khalifa

Mohammad

10148994

-3.9

Mohammad

Mohammad

10148706

-3.8

Mohammed

Salmin

10149053

-4.3

Using circuit simulation software, draw the circuit diagram and simulate its operation. Note: You will need to use the LM358H IC in Multisim.

Any reference voltage must be derived from the power supply rails (which can be presumed to be stable) and should be accurate to + 0.1V

Demonstrate the circuit operation to your tutor.

This will be demonstrated by ensuring that technical descriptions in Task 2 use accurate and appropriate technical language.

Additionally:
This will be demonstrated by providing further detail of the test method in task 4 using images of real test equipment together with connection diagrams of how these would be connected.

TASK 4: (Test operational amplifier circuits)

For each of the sections in Task 3 above draw up a test schedule and results document which details input signals and the expected output signal(s).

This report should also identify appropriate test equipment to take these measurements and generate any signals or voltages.

Use component values readily available e.g. E24 series resistors Provide screen print(s) or photos of each schematic showing connected test equipment and at least 1 test result that appears in the results document.

Build the inverting amplifier from TASK 3 Part A in the electronics lab (33B) using RS proto boards (or using multisim) and take measurements. Test your circuit using small input (0.2V) amplitude signal. Use component values readily available e.g. E24 series resistors. You must provide evidence to show the following:

a) Output voltage
b) Voltage gain
c) Frequency response

Demonstrate the circuit operation to your tutor.

Provide screen print(s) or photos showing connected test equipment and at least 1 test result that appears in the results document.

Build the non-inverting amplifier from TASK 3 Part B in the electronics lab (33B) using RS proto boards (or using multisim) and take measurements. Use component values readily available e.g. E24 series resistors.

Test your circuit using small input (0.2V) amplitude signal. You must provide evidence to show the following

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Merit

PART A

Using PART A that talks about Active Band Pass Filter Using Inverting Op Amp

In this part frequency response is calculated using estimation of high and low frequency is done in case of inverting operational amplifier. Using inverting op amp formula value of voltage amplification is calculated. Next part is for the calculation of the output voltage and voltage gain. This is divided in two parts which is calculations of the input impedance and frequency response.  Below is the frequency response estimated for this.

To summarize the calculations we can have.

Below is the provided circuit diagram using inverting amplifier.

Now using formula for the inverting op amp we can have voltage gain of

Av = -(R2/R1)

In case of R2 and R1 calculationthe values of the capacitors reactance also need to be considered in the account.

Consider the value of R1 = 3K?, R2 = 21K?, we get Av =7.

Now calculation of cut off frequencies for the Low pass and high pass filter's can be calculated as below:

F1 = 1/(2* π *R1*C1)

F2 = 1/(2* π *R2*C2)

Hence

C2 = 0.47 nF, C1 = 3.3 µF

Next part is the calculation of the output Voltage and Voltage Gain

The value of the voltage gain is Av = 6.985. Now input impedance can be calculated as using input voltage and current, Vin = 200mV and Iin = 66.6 µA

So

Rin = 3003.003 ?

 

PART B

Using PART B which talks about Active Band Pass Filter Using Non-Inverting Op Amp

In this part frequency response is calculated using estimation of high and low frequency is done in case of noninverting operational amplifier. Using non inverting op amp formula value of voltage amplification is calculated. Next part is for the calculation of the output voltage and voltage gain. This is divided in two parts which is calculations of the input impedance and frequency response.  Below is the frequency response estimated for this.

To summarize the calculations we can have.

Below is the provided circuit diagram using non inverting amplifier.

Now using formula for the non inverting op amp we can have voltage gain of

Av = 1+(R2/R1)

In case of R2 and R1 calculationthe values of the capacitors reactance also need to be considered in the account.

Consider the value of R1 = 1K?, R2 = 5.9K?, we get Av =6.

Now calculation of cut off frequencies for the Low pass and high pass filter's can be calculated as below:

F1 = 1/(2* π *R1*C1)

F2 = 1/(2* π *R2*C2)

Hence

C2 = 2.2nF, C1 = 10 µF

Next part is the calculation of the output Voltage and Voltage Gain

The value of the voltage gain is Av = 6.001. Now input impedance can be calculated as using input voltage and current, Vin = 200mV and lin = 66.6 µA

So

Rin = 3003.003 ?

PART C

Using PART C which talks about voltage comparator Using Op Amp

The circuit diagram given uses the Vref as ref voltage (Threshold whichis set by R1 and R2 formed Voltage divider. Using VEE we have following calculation of resistance values like below:

Now the Circuit Operation is calculated for provided threshold of -0.3V hence in case the lower value of voltage which is less than -300mV,it should power on the LED. Because of the negative value of threshold, we have used the VEE voltage with the value of -15V. In case of signal from input is more than -300mV then we have position of LED as off. In case of signal from input is less than -300mV then we have position of LED as on.

In this part voltage comparator is designed and discussed; estimation of way circuit operates in the region is done in case of inverting operational amplifier. Using inverting op amp formula value of various voltage amplification is calculated. Next part is for the calculation of the output voltage and voltage gain. This is divided in two parts which is calculations of the input impedance and frequency response.  Below the frequency response is estimated for this.

Distinction part (D3) -

Evaluate the performance of the three different amplifiers,

1.      Non-inverting amplifier 

Op amps can be used in two basic configurations, inverting and non-inverting amplifier. For inverting amplifier is output is 180o out of phase from input signal whereas for non-inverting op amp the phase at the output is same as that of input (Poole, Non-inverting amplifier circuit using an op-amp, 2016). The term non-inverting refers to the way the input signal is applied. When the input signal Vin is applied at non-inverting input, the configuration is called non-inverting amplifier. Feedback for such amplifier is applied at the inverting input. Following diagram shows the basic configuration for non-inverting amplifiers (Electronics tutorial , 2016).

Gain can be calculated as following,

Vout/ V1 = (RF+R2)/R2

So

V1 = Vout * R2/(RF+R2)

For ideal op amp

V1 = Vin

And

Av = Vout/Vin

So

Av = (RF+R2)/R2

Hence

Av = 1+RF/R2

 

For a non inverting op amp

Av = 1+(R2/R1)

While calculating R2 and R1 capacitors reactance has also to be taken into account

Av = 6

If

R1 = 1 K?, R2 = 5.1 K? for test

High pass and low pass filter's cut off frequencies are calculated using

F1 = 1/(2* π *R1*C1)

F2 = 1/(2* π *R2*C2)

Hence

C1 = 10 µF & C2 = 2.2 nF

2.      Summing amplifier 

Summing amplifier circuit is a configuration used to combine two or more input signals. Op amps can be used as summing amplifiers in both inverting and non-inverting configurations (Leach Legacy , 2016). In non-inverting configuration the circuit acts at an averter (Electronics Tutorial , 2016).

Inverting amplifiers are built when the input signal is applied at the inverting input. We apply multiple inputs at the inverting input using multiple resisters in parallel; we form an inverting summing amplifier (Microchip Technology, Inc, 2016). Following diagram show the basic arrangements.

We can see that

Ia+Ib+Ic = If + Ib

We know that for ideal op amp

Zin = µ

So

IB = 0

We can write

(Va/Ra) + (Vb/Rb)+ (Vc/Rc) = (V2-Vo)/Rf

For Ideal op amp V2 should be neglected

(Va/Ra) + (Vb/Rb)+ (Vc/Rc) = -Vo/Rf

Vo = -Rf ((Va/Ra)+(Vb/Rb)+(Vc/Rc))

Vo = -((Rf/Ra )Va + (Rf/Rb) Vb + (Rf/Rc) Vc)

If        

Ra = Rb = Rc = R

Vo = -(Rf/R ) * (Va + Vb + Vc)

And if

Rf = R

Vo = - (Va + Vb + Vc)

 

The

Voltage at input,

Va=1 mV

Vb=1 mV

Vc=1 mV

Then the voltage at output

Vo=3 mV

 

The gain

Av=-V0/(Va + Vb + Vc)

Av=-3/3=-1

3.      Differential amplifier

All op amps by default are the differential amplifiers. We normally use one input in inverting or non-inverting configuration to get the amplification. If we apply the input at both inverting and non-inverting input terminals, we will get the output voltage proportional to the difference between the inputs (Electronics Tutorial , 2016). We know that the output for an ideal op amp should be zero if the input at both the input terminals is same.

 

In the above diagram

I1 = (V1-Va)/R1, I2 = (V2-Vb)/R2, If = (Va-Vout)/R3

The summing point

Va = Vb

From diagram

Vb = V2*(R4/(R2+R4))

Hence  if V2 = 0

Vout1 = -V1(R3/R1)

If V1 = 0

Vout2= V2 * (R4/(R2+R4)) * ((R1+R3)/R1)

Vout = Vout1 + Vout2

So

Vout = -V1(R3/R1) + V2 * (R4/(R2+R4)) * ((R1+R3)/R1)

If R1=R2 and R3=R4

Vout = -V1 (R3/R1) + V2 *(R4/(R2+R4)) ((R2+R4)/R2)

Vout = -(R3/R1)(V2-V1)

Hence we get output proportional to difference between voltages and gain is defined by R3/R1.

We have the input,

V1=3 mV

V2= 5 mV

The output

V0=-(3-5) =2 mV