Advanced Systems Analysis and Design Assignment Help

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Qualification - OTHM Level 5 Diploma in Information Technology

Unit Name - Advanced Systems Analysis and Design

Unit code - D/617/2274

Unit Level - Level 5

Unit Credit - 20

Assignment Title - Advanced Systems Analysis & Design

Learning Outcome 1: Understand the role of system analysis and design in an organisation.

Answer: System analysis and design (SA&D) plays a crucial role in an organization by providing a structured approach to understand, evaluate, and improve its processes and information systems. It acts as a bridge between business needs and technological solutions. Through systems analysis, an organization identifies existing problems, inefficiencies, and opportunities for improvement within its current systems, whether they are manual processes or IT infrastructure. This involves gathering detailed requirements from stakeholders, analyzing data flows, and understanding how different components interact. Subsequently, system design focuses on crafting optimal solutions, outlining the architecture, data structures, interfaces, and implementation plans for new or enhanced systems. This systematic approach ensures that newly developed or modified systems are aligned with business objectives, are efficient, adaptable to future changes, and ultimately contribute to cost reduction, increased productivity, better decision-making, and enhanced competitiveness. Without effective SA&D, organizations risk developing costly, inefficient, and misaligned systems that fail to meet their evolving needs.

Learning Outcome 2: Understand the steps needed in system analysis and design.

Answer: The process of system analysis and design typically follows a structured approach, often encapsulated within the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), involving several distinct steps. It begins with problem identification, where the need for a new or improved system is recognized, and initial goals are defined. This leads to requirements gathering, a critical phase where analysts collect detailed information from stakeholders about what the system needs to do (functional requirements) and how it should perform (non-functional requirements), often using techniques like interviews, surveys, and observation. Next, a feasibility study assesses the technical, operational, and financial viability of the proposed solution. Once feasible, the system design phase creates a blueprint of the new system, outlining its architecture, data models, user interfaces, and hardware/software components. This design then moves to implementation, where the system is built, coded, and configured according to specifications. Rigorous testing follows to identify and fix defects, ensuring the system meets all requirements and performs as expected, often including unit, integration, and user acceptance testing. Finally, the system is deployed for regular use, and an ongoing maintenance and evaluation phase ensures its continued effectiveness, addressing bugs, implementing updates, and adapting to evolving organizational needs. Throughout all these steps, clear communication with stakeholders is paramount to ensure the final system aligns with business objectives.

Learning Outcome 3: Be able to create documented system requirements.

Answer: Creating documented system requirements is a fundamental aspect of successful system analysis and design, ensuring all stakeholders have a clear, shared understanding of what the new or modified system should achieve. This documentation, often in the form of a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) or System Requirements Document (SRD), typically begins with an introduction outlining the purpose, scope, and intended audience of the document, along with definitions and acronyms for clarity. The core of the documentation lies in detailing both functional requirements (what the system must do), which describe specific behaviors, features, and user interactions, and non-functional requirements (how the system should perform), which cover aspects like performance, security, usability, reliability, and scalability. It's crucial to specify external interfaces (user, hardware, software, and communication), system attributes, and any constraints or assumptions. Effective documentation employs clear, unambiguous language, often utilizing visual aids like use case diagrams, flowcharts, and wireframes to illustrate complex processes. The requirements should be verifiable, allowing for testing to confirm their implementation, and traceable back to business objectives. Regular review and validation with stakeholders are essential to ensure accuracy, completeness, and alignment, preventing costly misunderstandings and rework later in the development lifecycle.

Learning Outcome 4: Be able to develop functional and data models for a software system.

Answer: Developing functional and data models is a critical step in translating documented system requirements into a structured blueprint for software development. Functional models describe what the system does, illustrating its processes, behaviors, and interactions. Common techniques for functional modeling include Use Case Diagrams, which depict user interactions with the system and their goals; Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs), which illustrate the flow of information through the system's processes; and Activity Diagrams, which show the sequence of activities and decision points within a process. These models help to visualize the system's operations, identify key processes, and understand how information is transformed. Simultaneously, data models define the structure and organization of the data within the system, showing how different pieces of information are related and stored. The most prevalent data modeling technique is the Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD), which represents entities (real-world objects or concepts), their attributes (properties), and the relationships between them. These models ensure data consistency, minimize redundancy, and provide a clear framework for database design. Together, functional and data models provide a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the system's intended behavior and information architecture, serving as essential guides for developers during the implementation phase and facilitating effective communication among all project stakeholders.

Aim: The aim of this unit is to provide learners with a deep understanding of the activities of the systems analyst and systems designer, and to be able to apply some current techniques.

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Case Scenario

While you were studying Level 4 OTHM Diploma in IT you applied for a System Analyst position at NatAxis and got the job after going through a tough recruitment and selection process. Over the last year you have proven to be an asset to the company. The company now expanding its operation and creating a new hub in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

David Mitchell, Director of Operations has decided to send a senior System Analyst to Belfast to train the new recruits. You have been given a set of tasks to complete before you head back to the head office.

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Assessment Task 1 Prezi Presentation

David has asked you to create a Prezi presentation for the new recruits that will give them a thorough knowledge of system analysis. Whole presentation will be conducted in two sessions. You will provide speaker notes at the end of the session.

Instructions

a. In your session 1 Prezi presentation, you need to explain the different organisational roles involved in system analysis and design and how they interact.

b. Follow your presentation with an explanation of how to analyse business requirements for system design.

c. In the final part of the session 1 presentation, evaluate system analysis and design methodologies used in an organisation like NatAxis.

d. In your session 2 Prezi presentation, you need to describe approaches to gathering system requirements from clients of NatAxis.

e. Follow your presentation with an explanation of various prototyping techniques and explain how use-cases and scenarios are used within system design by NatAxis.

f. In the final part of the session 2 presentation, explain the use of top-down and bottom-up methodologies in relation to ‘Systems Integration'.

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Assessment Task 2 You are preparing a guidebook for all the attendees. This will guide them to create system requirements document and develop various models for a software system.

Instructions

Your guidebook will consist of two parts.

a. In the first part, evaluate the impact of modern hardware and software systems, technologies, platforms and services on system design at NatAxis.

b. In the following section, apply methods of investigation to determine system requirements. and use a structured method and notation to describe system requirements.

c. In the second part, produce functional and data models to reflect the different levels of the design process and document the benefits and limitations of a system design.

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