Qualification - Higher National Diploma in Computing

Unit Name - Computing Research Project

Unit Number - Unit 13

Assignment Title - Digital Wellbeing

Learning Outcome 1: Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process.

Learning Outcome 2: Conduct and analyse research relevant to a computing research project.

Learning Outcome 3: Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders.

Learning Outcome 4: Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts.

Task 1: Produce a research proposal for the topic area you have chosen that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis supported by a literature review.

Solution:

To investigate the role of digital wellbeing application in enhancing the mental and physical health of Smartphone users by creating awareness regarding the digital hazards

Introduction to research

The main reason for choosing the project is that the number of smartphone users is increasing at an exponential rate, and it is of utmost importance to accentuate on their mental and physical health. Digital wellbeing of an individual is not just about creating awareness regarding the violent contents on social media or websites, but it also involves the manner in which one can give up the addiction of playing games alongside doing other stuffs on their respective smartphone.

It is imperative to comprehend that technology and internet has its own set of pros and cons, and it tends to affect the mental and physical health of an individual at a certain point of time causing anxiety, distractions while driving, and may more. Thus, it is vital to focus on the aspect of digital wellbeing of the smartphone users. The following research will make use of primary as well as secondary data, thus, it would be a mixed method research.

The selected approach to suit the secondary data would be inductive and for primary it would be deductive. The inductive approach will help in extracting the specific conclusions whereas deductive will help in generalising the aspect of digital wellbeing to forge a general view among the readers.

The researcher will make use of positivism and interpretivism philosophy. Positivism philosophy will help in gathering data based on factual information and interpretivism will help in shaping the study effectively. The use of exploratory and explanatory design is also included. It is because the primary data will explore the relation amid digital wellbeing and mental and physical health of the smartphone users whereas the secondary data will be explaining the same. The researcher will be making use of journal articles, websources to accumulate secondary data and conduct primary quantitative and qualitative methods to collect primary data. 

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Task 2: Examine appropriate research methods and approaches for the chosen topic area to primary and secondary research

Solution:

2.0. Introduction:
This chapter in the entire study underlined the methods of doing a specific type of research. According to Kumar (2019), the research methodology could be considered as a systematic procedure, which helps to conduct the entire study in a strategic and structured way. It will help in demonstrating the proper structure of the entire study based on the given topic area. With emphasis on different kinds of relevant data and concepts those are proper with this specific area, this chapter will include philosophical outline, approach of the research.

2.1. Method outline:
Plan of the research methodology is included with primary and secondary data collection process; therefore, could be say, this study includes a mixed method. Outline of the methodology will include inductive approach for secondary data analysis and collection as well as deductive for primary data collection and analysis (Attia and Edge, 2017). On the other hand, Positivism and interpretivism both research philosophies will be included in this study. Additionally, application of both exploratory and explanatory research design would be proper to follow up with the primary and secondary data. Qualitative, quantitative and secondary sources of information are helpful to fulfil primary and secondary data collection needs.

2.2. Research onion:

From the above attached figure, it could be said that research onion includes and underline the overall structure, which is helpful in describing the specific methods of the study in a systematic way. The research onion has overall six different levels that helps to define the proper way of the methodology of the study. The initial level of this research onion provides with the concept of research philosophy, Next level of this research onion offers research approach and fifth layers of this onion is highlighting mixed method purposes and the centre of it has data collection and analysis process (Saunders et al. 2009).

2.3. Research philosophy:
The positivism research philosophy caters to the concept that only factful understanding gained with the help of observations involving calculations, which is practical. In positivism philosophy, the role of a researcher is limited to information collection and its interpretation through objective process (Fulford and Hodgson, 2016). On the other hand, interpretivism research philosophy adapts a relativist ontology related to the fact that one single case study or topic area may has various interpretations rather than a fact, which could be underlined by the procedure of evaluation.

2.3.1. Justification of the chosen philosophy:
This study will be implementing both the Positivism and Interpretivism philosophy for conducting the primary and secondary research philosophy. Interpretivism philosophy's complex interpretations with the help of various findings from different sources and overall trying to simplify the concept of understanding for the entire population (Winit-Watjana, 2016).

2.4. Research approach:
Among the established research approaches, this study has been identified to adhere both the inductive and deductive research philosophies as per the mixed method identified. Inductive approach or inductive reasoning starts with understanding of the present observation results and theories or models that have been proposed to the end of any selected topic area as an outcome of observations (McAbee et al., 2017). On the other hand, the Deductive research approach could be addressed as increasing and formatting hypothesis on the basis of present theories, and after that developing a research tactic to examine the hypotheses (Woiceshyn and Daellenbach, 2018). This type of research approach follows the way of developing logical conclusions of the collected data from observations.

2.4.1. Justification of the chosen research approach:
From the above arrested research approaches, it could be said that, the inductive research approach has been effective fortheoretical application of digital wellbeing application in the mental and physical health of individuals from the previous analysis field (Tuffour, 2017).

2.5. Design of the research:
For serving the mixed method effectively, both the Exploratory and Explanatory research design has been selected in this study. The explanatory research design is followed to recognize the limit and nature of cause and effect associations in the study areas and understand how the results will be (Rahi, 2017). This type of research could be followed to evaluate influences of particular changes on the present norms, different processes related to the given topic area. On the other hand, the exploratory research design is followed to have better results of the present problematic areas that has been identified by the researcher, however would not offer any type of conclusive outcomes (Bhatt and Patel, 2020).

2.5.1. Justification of the chosen research Design:
exploratory research design has been selected for identification of the core problems in the present area and then formatting the hypotheses for developing the structure of investigation and finally obtaining data from both the qualitative and quantitative process for effective analysis of the hypotheses made (Creswell and Creswell, 2017).

2.6. Strategy of this research:
This study has been decided to follow both the survey, interviews and secondary observations. This study has applied the policy of survey and interviews in order to gather relevant practical response regarding digital wellbeing and its effects while evaluating the collected data with the theoretical secondary data for proposing some of the future possibilities in this field (Leavy, 2017).

2.7. Data collection process:
Data collection process could be broadly divided into two subsections including Primary and Secondary data collection procedure. This type of data collection process includes collecting practical data that could be calculated at the later stage. Therefore, it could be said that both the qualitative and quantitative data collection process is included in this process. This study has adopted both these types of data collection process through surveying candidates and interviewing personnel. On the other hand, the Secondary data collection process could be underlined as selecting and finding theoretical information on the present digital wellbeing and its application from previously done projects, articles, journals and different web searches (Johnston, 2017).

2.7.1. Sources of data:
As described in the previous section, sources of data in this study has been achieved from two different bases. The qualitative and quantitative information have been collected from the primary sources of data and the theoretical information has been collected from the secondary sources of data, which are both effective in interpreting analysis and future results on the given area (Schoene et al., 2017).

2.7.2. Data analysis techniques:
For the data analysis tools, the researcher here has applied the quantitative data analysis tool through surveying selected participants and for the qualitative data evaluation tool, interview has been identified as most effective way (Fletcher, 2017).

2.8. Sampling technique:
Bothe the probability and non-probability sampling techniques have been applied in this study. The probability sampling techniques have been adopted through randomization technique for collecting important and adequate secondary data (Etikan and Bala, 2017). On the other hand, the non-probability sampling techniques has been adopted through semi-structed and in-depth interviews for developing the primary data collection process. This type of sampling tool if known for limiting scopes and chances of all the participants in a given population to be a part of the study (Langer, 2018).

2.9.2. Sample size:
The sample size could be divided into two different parts. This sample size has also been decide based on the nature of the study and time given to the researcher. It has been identified that for conducting the primary data collection process, the researcher has selected 50 candidates namely Smartphone usersof digital technologies have been surveyed through survey questionnaire and for the qualitative data collection process; two respective managers have been identified from different IT service companies and they have been interviewed. Additionally, this study has searched different theoretical sources and made two different themes for conducting the thematic secondary analysis effectively.

2.10. Accessibility issue:
For this study, the researcher has to confront some of the matters while trying to evaluate associated information for doing the entire study. It has been seen that; the researcher has saw issues while gathering data from the managers of identified companies. The manager at the first was not enough co-operative of providing time for conducting the telephonic interview. Therefore, some of the data has also not been achieved for time limitation.

2.11. Ethical consideration:
The researcher has taken the previous consents of the selected participants of this study with the help of providing them with personal consent form to fill up. After that, the researcher has followed the Data Protection Act and ethics while gathering information. No participants have been forced to be a part of the survey process. All the privacy related concerns have been followed by the researcher and candidates' personal information has not been exposed (Gray, 2019). Additionally, the collected data and interpretations have not been used for any commercial purposes.

2.12. Research limitation:
Categorization of the research limitations could be addressed here that the researcher has faced while conducting the study. The first limitation that the researcher has faced is connected to the time limitation; for that many detail data and information has not been collected properly (Gray, 2019). On the other hand, Budget constraints have also been faced by the researcher in due course of the study. It has been found out that for budget limitations exploring and enhancing field analysis have been limited that also impacted on collecting more relevant data and the formation of the sample size.

2.13. Gant chart:

Core tasks identified and performed Month

Core tasks identified and performed

Month

October 2019

Month

November 2019

Month

December 2019

Month

January 2020

Month

February 2020

Month

March 2020

Area of research identification

√      

 

 

 

 

 

Collected data from secondary sources

 

 

 

 

Designing layout of the study

 

 

 

 

 

Conducting literature review

 

 

 

Research plan designing

 

 

 

 

Identification of research techniques

 

 

 

 

Application of primary data collection

 

 

 

 

Evaluation and application of data collected

 

 

 

 

Defining conclusion

 

 

 

 

 

Development of rough draft

 

 

 

 

 

Final submission

 

 

 

 

 

 Summary:

From the above study and description of each methods, it has been identified that methodology development is a structured process and identification of right methods, tools are influential for how the entire study will be going to happen and how would the results would be collected. In a nutshell, this part of the entire study, is effective in developing an overall knowledge regarding the processes included in a field and theoretical data collection process.

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Task 3 Evaluate different research approaches and methodology and make justifications for the choice of methods selected based on philosophical/theoretical frameworks for the research project.

Solution:

For the current research, primary data collection has been undertaken for which positivism research philosophy has been undertaken. There are certain advantages and disadvantages, the advantages undertake, reliability, it is scientific in approach and thus, is more trustworthy.

Positivism is effective for forming a base for knowledge and it also stated neither regarding nor deriving any conclusion from the initial stage of the implementation of positivism research philosophy. Positivism is effective for deducing the targets and acquiring individual perceptions for finding appropriate in-depth result for the research (Bresler and Stake, 2017). Furthermore, positivism is effective for acquiring assurance regarding the aspects and factors involved within a research and this type of research philosophy is used for maintaining the consistency of the research. Furthermore, researcher would also be able to undertake appropriate and wide range of activities for supporting the findings of the research. The respective research philosophy is observed to be dependent upon the well established information. In addition to this, with the help of positivism, the aspects of the variables and
factors involved in the study can be examined to analyse the relevance of the details of the research. Henceforth, this contributes towards the further development of the research (Wiek and Lang, 2016).

Considering interpretivism, it is related to the philosophical situation of a research, this is done with the help of different approaches and phenomenon through which the significance of conducting a research can be understood and acquire information regarding the autonomous aspects of the research. Furthermore, the interpretivism is used for acknowledging the contrast of the variables and aspects of the variable. Researcher is also able to implement appropriate strategies for the development of the research and acquire in- depth analysis (Taherdoost, 2016). Through this, it becomes easier for the researcher to ensure that the hypothesis tested related to the research. This would be useful for the research to acquire in-depth information regarding the research.

Justification of research approach
Inductive thinking is used for taking the explicit perceptions and take out general aspects from the research, in order to derive a deductive thinking along with general premises and furthermore, acquire a divergent aspect related to the research. Furthermore, there are different structures involved in different manner where the fundamental quality of the inductive research design is implemented. Along with this, the former aspect is used for developing individual experience and setting up a chance for the handling the fundamental shortcomings of the research (Page et al., 2017).

On the other hand, the deductive approach is useful for testing the hypothesis and also effectively highlights the argumentative aspects associated with the same. However, a deductive approach does not support divergent thinking and thus, at times might also limit the scope of creativities within the research. To some extent, the deductive approach is not much preferable in terms of involvement and thus, lacks in better understanding of the concepts involved in the research. The explanation of the aspects of the research is often difficult to keep in mind, thus, it requires different forms to be used (Clandinin et al., 2017).

Justification of research design
The main advantage of explanatory research design is that it is used for increasing understanding, supports flexibility of the sources and helps in acquiring better conclusions for the same. With the help of these advantages, researchers would be able to acquire a good understanding and explanation of the respective subject for answering further research questions and also support a sphere of research. Considering the exploratory research design, it is flexible and adaptable and thus, enables the researcher to work from the ground level for a research, it saves the time regarding conducting a research from an in-depth perspective (Cuervo-Cazurra et al., 2017). Exploratory research won't have the option to supplant indisputable, quantitative research. Different organizations are inclined towards using exploratory investigations as last, decisive research aspects. Most of the above stated aspects are used for supplying subjective data, and translation of the discoveries generally is critical.

Justification of the chosen sampling techniques
Basically, there are two different sampling techniques like random and non-random sampling techniques, the technique is used for saving time and monetary resources, thus, this is effective for handling the research from in-depth. Considering the probability sampling, individuals from the populace have a high possibility of being chosen as a subject. The whole procedure of testing is done in a solitary advance with each subject chosen autonomously of different individuals; a key element of basic arbitrary testing is its representativeness of different individuals, varying from research to research. Hypothetically, the main thing that can bargain its representativeness can be stated as luck. On the other hand, the hypothetical variety is called a sampling error. On the other hand, considering random sampling, it reduces the feasibility, variability and at times provides biased sampling and there are random sampling errors found. These techniques were chosen for the primary and secondary data collection for the current research (Basias and Pollalis, 2018).

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Task 4 Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for the computing research project you have chosen that consider costs, access and ethical issues.

Solution:

1. Whether or not data is reliable
The data collected can be stated as reliable and valid as for the primary data collection method and the data and information would be integrated from the human perceptions. For this, 50 customers and 2 managers would be surveyed in order to analyse their perception regarding the mental and physical health of the Smartphone userswith the help of creating awareness regarding the digital issues. The researcher would be able to acquire different information and data by surveying the customers as different customers would put forth different perceptions regarding the research topic. Additionally, the managers would be asked regarding the role of digital well-being applied for the enhancement of the mental and physical health. Secondary data collection would undertake accumulation of information from articles and journals for better understanding of the trend of digital well being applications and its impact on the customers (King and Mackey, 2016).

2. Sources
This research would have different methods of data collection, primary and secondary, for the primary data collection, the sources can be said as online platforms like survey monkeys for conducting the surveys of the customers. This would be easier, convenient and time saving for the customers and as well as for the researcher. In case of interviewing the managers, researchers have to conduct that face to face, as it is difficult to conduct the interview over online platforms. For secondary data collection methods, recently published articles and peer- reviewed journals have been chosen as the best source for successful completion of the research.

3. How did we collected
Initially, the researcher had to decide the sampling technique required for conducting the two types of data collection method. After this, the customers and managers were selected with the help of non-probability sampling technique where in-depth analysis of the interview was to be conducted. For the execution of secondary data collection, a random sampling technique has been adopted for the selection of appropriate and suitable articles and journals as per the research topic. The researcher kept the main focus on the customers who are the Smartphone usersof digital technologies and managers were from IT organisations. Additional aspects of this research are the usage of different theoretical sources and accordingly themes are developed using the journals and articles.

4. Data is ethically right / wrong
The data collected is ethical and this can be said as the researcher ensured that the data collected from the primary and secondary data collection would solely be used for this particular research and not for any other random purposes. Furthermore, the identities of the customers and managers would be kept confidential for security purposes and to ensure the candidates that no harm would be caused to them due to these data collection methods. For the data collected from secondary methods; the entire credibility of the article has been given to the author who has written the paper. There is no violation of the Copyright Act 1976, Data Protection Act 1998 and Privacy Amendment Act 2000. These legislations are implemented for the protection of the information and prevent accessibility of the same from any unauthorised person or third party (Hickson, 2016).

5. Association of costing
It can be stated that the researcher had to face financial shortages, however, there have been no such severe issues regarding the collection of information for the current research, however, the researcher might arrange for different funding ways to acquire more finance for his research. However, in case this is not possible, the research would be collected using the sources which have been already acquired.

Task 5 Apply appropriate analytical tools, analyse research findings and data for the computing research project.

Solution:

The appropriate analytical tools applied for analyzing research findings and data are survey and interview process for the sample and candidates identified above through questionnaire. For the secondary data and thematic analysis two respective articles have been evaluated. Results and analysis are listed below;

Quantitative data collection and analysis

1. Have you have ever gone through any of the following?

Options

No of respondents

Total respondents

Response %

Feeling anxiety or depression

15

50

30%

Stress

30

50

60%

Suffering from low mood

5

50

10%

Analysis: From the above data collected, it has been understood that most of Smartphone usersin the advent of technology feeling from stress due to several reasons. Around 60% of the total population have arrested that suffering from stress are somehow common and currently happening in the daily life of people despite their work types and age. Not only that around 30% of the candidates have said that feeling anxiety or depression are one of the prominent mental problems the young age is suffering from. This is not an effective sign of digital wellbeing awareness and protection among the users.

2. Have you had supported for any of the matters listed below?

 

No of respondents

Total respondents

Response %

Yes

10

50

20%

Neutral

15

50

30%

No

15

50

30%

Analysis: In case of supports provided or offered; be it verbal or in-hand support to the distress people, it has been noticed that around 30% of the population have suggested no or being neutral. Only 20% of the Smartphone usershave raised their vote for the being supportive. This indicates to the fact that in practice, the digital wellbeing is not helping people effectively. Users are not either expressing their feeling or being neglected somehow depending on the situation. On the other hand, it could be said that the digital wellbeing awareness steps are not effective still on the popular social media platforms.

3. Do you recently apply the internet for any of the matters?

Options

No of respondents

Total respondents

Response %

Facebook

15

50

30%

Pinterest

2

50

4%

Instagram

5

50

10%

Twitter

10

50

20%

Chart rooms

8

50

16%

Reviewing blogs

10

50

20%

Table 4: Social media and internet activeness on digital wellbeing

Analysis: From the above data collection results, it could be said that use or application of Facebook for these matters are most among the Smartphone usersand selected population nowadays. It has been seen that around 30% of the people are active on Facebook on a daily basis; whereas, popularity of Twitter and reviewing blogs are not also limited counting to 20% respectively. These results are depicting the fact that these are main triggered points that companies should use in case of spreading digital wellbeing and safety. On the other hand, From the above results, it could be said that activity of chart rooms, Instagram in case of spreading wellbeing awareness should also be used through including interesting and educative contents or personal accounts or experiences that could help in attracting people's attention.

4.How you will mark the effect of social media on mental health?

Options

No of respondents

Total respondents

Response %

Positive or effective

10

50

20%

Neutral

15

50

30%

Ineffective or not helpful

25

50

50%

Table 5: Social media impact on digital wellbeing of users

Analysis: The above direct question regarding social media influence on mental health issues are little bit confusing. It could be said that most of the candidates are remain either in neutral position or stated in negative sense. Around 30% and 50% of the populations respectively have nodded for these options. This could be interpreted as ineffectiveness of social media in the mental wellbeing of the Smartphone users. Additionally, the low level (20%) of responses are indicating to the fact that social media digital wellbeing awareness are not devoid of its negative usages and impacts on the minds and thought process of users. Of course, it could be said that people who share or read the matters related to this area are prone to getting negative impacts from the viewers and these negative comments are also affecting on the situations by demotivating them in most of the cases. Additionally, reliability of the sources is also another concern that the IT companies should take into consideration.

5. Which of the following characteristics may you like to face on a new website targeted for advertising digital wellbeing and metal health recovery?

Options

No of respondents

Total respondents

Response %

Wellbeing suggestions

5

50

10%

Videos or documentaries

20

50

40%

Blogs

10

50

20%

Data on innovative activities

5

50

10%

Local events

10

50

20%

Analysis: From the above results accounted, it could be said that video or documentaries are one of the most popular mediums for users to communicate or understand the reasons and impacts of wellbeing, physical and metal health. Around 40% of the total respondents have sad that in social media or in any website documentation and video sharing with the contents that the company wants to spread are most effective in gaining attention from the users for their direct interaction and addressing to the viewers. On the other hand, Blogs and local events are also one of the powerful characteristics that companies need to add to the websites and spread the news or effective cases of digital wellbeing to the users. Around, 20% of the total respondents have respectively addressed interests on seeing more innovative and new contents in the websites through these mediums.

Qualitative data collection and analysis

How you would relate data ownership, safety and its influence on democracy?

Response from first manager
From the responses of the first manager, it has been understood that various scandalous incidents in 2018 including the election hacking as well as information thefts, users are starting to question regarding what information organizations have for them and how these companies could keep this private and in which way they will apply it for the safety of personal data. The information collection and commercial rights are also on the que and could be one of the major concerns for the companies. These have also direct relation with the data security and democracy as well as data communication, and ownership structure of the companies.

Response from second manager
On the other hand, from the response of second manager, it has been understood that companies should concentrate on promoting the basic idea of hackability and the level to which machines and technology understand more regarding them than they do regarding themselves. It also been understood that how the digital hacking cases of important information regarding the personal information is affecting the wellbeing of users and their reliability on the internet. Therefore, companies need to combine all these concerns and try to find out the effective measures for digital wellbeing of their consumers.

Secondary thematic analysis

Digital wellbeing and social safeness of Smartphone users
According to the views and investigation done by Goldberg et al. (2019), Smartphone users,specifically the young generation people are needed to increase a wellbeing as well as social safety policy. It has been reviewed that in spite of this kind of policy and concerns, there is recently no proper measures exist to evaluate the digital wellbeing and well as their safeness. It has been accounted by Gui et al. (2017), that school children and teenage people are the most vulnerable points in digital wellbeing and cyber harshness. Therefore, companies need to take adequate steps in this matter to safeguard personal data protection. On the other hand, it has been pointe out that various institutions also need to increase a digital wellbeing and social safety understanding among the students so that they could be able to understand the necessities and usefulness of this term and its conditions.

Outside mobile applications: a review of technologies for mental Well-being
As per the studies and evaluation done by Woodward et al. (2019), it has been proved that different technological developments have impacted on smartphone as well as tangible devices that are user interfaces in which an individual communicated with the digital modifications with the help of physical conditions; these could include sensors to evaluate physiological changes and wellbeing with helping alleviate the mental stress individual are experiencing. Corresponding to this fact Castellacci and Tveito (2018) have accounted that these types of initiatives taken by companies are effective in providing latest chances to use non-invasive tools for the characteristics health care to evaluate and help mental health situations like stress and anxiety disorders in real-time.

Task-6 [M2]- Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to data collection and analysis

Solution:

Background of data collection process
As per the previous stated concerns regarding digital wellbeing, mental and physical health of smartphone users, this study has focused on searching information and effectiveness of digital well being apps available in the internet and how smartphone users could avail them. The above stated data collection process has been developed based on the concerns that what are the frequent concerns and mental troubles that smartphone users are facing and if there is any need to use the digital well being apps from the internet. It has been identified that the selected sample of 50 candidates has age variation but the nutshell information is same for them. Smartphone users face problems frequent problems like mental stress, depression, which are not only limited to social media sites, rather, it has been analyzed that these problems are also related to people who are obsessed with certain gaming or application. For instance, it has been identified that young people who are obsessed with gaming are expressing or have been found out to be rude, impatient and facing problems with their social interaction. These could be contributed to the symptoms or initial signs that their social and practical daily life communication is getting limited and this is the juncture when bullying or any types of malicious attacks into their digital world could unstable their mental strength.

Merits and justification of data collection and analysis
This study has applied as per the research methodology structured at the earlier stage. It has been found out that two types of data collection process have been applied in this study of identifying gaps and influence of digital well being on mental and physical health of smart phone users. It has been noticed at the first place that Primary data collection process have been applied for collecting data from the candidates who are either aware or learned about the operations and functions of digital wellbeing applications and digital wellbeing process conducted by various IT companies and in the social media application (Arnott and Pervan 2016). First, it has been identified that effective implementation of the qualitative data collection process has helped in analyzing the management and control measures from the managers who have been asked specific questions of this type of initiative.
On the other hand, it has been identified that digital well being has an impact on the society overall. On the other side, application of quantitative data collection could be justified by its collection of first hand data from the Smart phone users. It could be said that merits of the quantitative data collection process is that several responses from the current smart phone user population have been underlined that are helpful in depicting the fact that still digital wellbeing aspect is not promoted effectively to the people and their needs more constructive steps from the companies to do so.
In the second phrase, the merit of secondary data collection could be justified by the fact that those article and theme have been developed are relevant to the current problem and progress. It has been identified that secondary sources have important investigation results done previously that should be reviewed by practitioners in case of finding any missing link (Arnott and Pervan 2016). Future predictions on digital wellbeing initiative from these sources could be drawn effectively.

Limitations of data collection approaches and analysis
Opposite from the above merits, current evaluation of the data collection and analysis have pointed out some of the limitations in this area. Initially, it could be said that while applying the qualitative data collection process, the researcher should be little more specific in constructing the questions. Some of the questions have not been direct relation with the digital wellbeing operations and the digital wellbeing apps development process. Most specifically, it could be said that the qualitative data identified and all the information are lacking mention of the applications of digital wellbeing, which could be considered as one of the limitations of data collection approach and analysis (Queirós et al., 2017). Though, it should be mentioned here that overall time and cost challenges if existed to the researcher then, this type of critical analysis and qualitative data collection would not be completed.

On the other hand, it has been reviewed that application of the quantitative data collection process is also not devoid of limitation. The survey questions prepared by the researcher sometime has a theoretical coverage of the digital wellbeing fact and its impact on the physical and mental health conditions of the candidates. Therefore, the analysis part is also developed depending the questions and their responses. It could be said that if the questions are carefully prepared to identify the application on internet regarding digital wellbeing (as there are various digital wellbeing apps are available), then the responses could be more specific regarding how smartphone users are aware of this fact that how they should effectively download them for their personal uses (Queirós et al., 2017). In case of secondary data collection and analysis limitation, it could be said that from the analysis and thematic development, it has been found out that there are still lack of theoretical works based on the topic, which is not effective as this would pose overall lack of knowledge and understanding even between the practitioners'.Therefore, effective application and understanding from the participants and overall smart phone users should not be expected. It could be said that the secondary data collection should be done for finding the relevant data and sources where not only the digital wellbeing is mentioned but also hint or mention of the application has been given as well as these data should be related to found the fact that how different countries and IT companies are doing and planning in this field. 

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Task-7 - Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes in application to a computing research project to justify chosen research methods and analysis.

Solution:

The basis of computing research project

The background of computing study project has been based on the digital wellbeing, metal and physical health effects of social media, online use and obsession on mobile gamming that connects people among the smart phone users. It has been seen that found out that there is a need to analyze application of this entire study to an application that could be easily download by the smartphone users and circulate for developing a healthy relationship and avoiding any digital hazards. It could be said that information from the data collection are pointing to the fact that metal stress, depression, malicious comments are commonly faced by the smartphone users and they are more or less aware of the digital wellbeing concept and how this could lead to physical and metal ill health. Therefore, as per this information, a digital application could be developed, which will be available in GooglePlay and App store so that smart phone users could easily download them for their personal use. This app will produce a questionnaire to the consumers as per their quires and concerns. Filing up this questionnaire and submitting it will assist the companies in underlining the severity of the symptoms along with various articles and video files could be uploaded in this app so that smart phone users could be aware of what of the problems and its remedies.

Critical evaluation of research methodologies and processes
This section will help in demonstrating and justifying data collection procedure, sampling tools with limitations, ethical consideration, research design and accessibility issues that are important. The interpretivism philosophy has been selected for its effectiveness in gaining in depth understanding of the given topic. Positivism research philosophy is effective in identifying certain population that are important for this study and conducting both the qualitative and quantitative data collection process through an objective stance (Basias and Pollalis, 2018). inductive research approach has been selected for conducting secondary study with the help of increasing understanding of the relative theories. Deductive research approach has been selected for conducting a practical examination of the digital wellbeing application on certain population and evaluate how the present results are deviating from the previously done one.

The application of explanatory research design has been selected for this might play an instrumental responsibility in the context of understanding causes behind a variety of operations done through digital wellbeing along with evaluating the influences of changes on the present concepts, practices and others (Veal, 2017). As per the investigations done by Heap and Waters (2019), the primary data collection process could be addressed as collecting data from the field survey and interview process. It has been identified that thematic data analysis is one of the most effective evaluation processes of the secondary data collected from various theoretical sources. Additionally, this study has also served its mixed approach purpose by adopting and developing four different themes taken from different secondary information from various previously done and uploaded data. It has been identified that given topic area also have impacts on deciding what research tools and ways a researcher should adopt for achieving better success in due course.

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Task 8 : Communicate research outcomes of the project in an appropriate manner (eg: presentation) for the intended audience.

Solution:

The research was being conducted to investigate the role of digital wellbeing application in enhancing the mental and physical health of Smartphone users by creating awareness regarding the digital hazards through the mixed media method, which is from the articles and journals and conducting surveys. This showed that most people are ignorant of digital wellbeing however they know about the digital hazards the smart phones can cause. This study aimed to let people know about maintaining a healthy relationship with their smart phones.

Audience:
Here, the intended audience is Smartphone users. They are the ones who are being taken into consideration for conducting the research and derive the outcomes (Peters et al., 2018). They are the ones who got engaged in the research; underline is their interest which will be discussed here. As it has been told earlier that the research is all about establishing a healthy relationship between the smart phones and their users. This is done for the sake of minimizing the digital hazards and enhancing a healthy life and healthy use of smart phones (Devito, et al., 2019). The audience that is the Smartphone users will be interested because it is conducted for their sake and acknowledging those they will be able to achieve a better life. As the researcher being a smart phone user itself the best communication method will be an online survey with questionnaires containing short and simple questions that are easy for the participants to take part in. Not only that it is a time-saving process the participants will find out their own time to answer the questions and they won't feel burdened. This has been proved to have given a better result.

Communicating research outcomes:
Communication can be established using various methods, and all are quite effective. Different methods of communicating outcomes are written words, spoken words and the medium are report, online, and presentation. These are the mediums that have been used in the research so far from which the researcher has derived the result. There are several ways by which we exchange information from one to another. Like verbal communication which might use sign language or speak. Using a strong and confident speaking voice while avoiding filtering words (Choudary, 2018). Written communication is another quite effective and efficient method of communication like preparing questionnaires and or sending emails or memo surveys or even online communication. The communication medium is the medium or a channel by which the speaker and the audience establish communication through physical media and mechanical media like a report, presentations, and online surveys. The online survey is the most and the best possible way to conduct this particular study research.

Convincing arguments:
No matter what the medium or the method will be of the conducted research the audience should have little or no knowledge about the research process. According to the learner, the participants must be well aware about the importance of conducting this research and the purpose of it and how it will benefit them. They should be well aware of the reason and the topic of the research, but it need not tell them about the process of the research which is believed to give an honest and spontaneous reply to the questions (Taylor, 2018). A sudden approach to the participants often derives truthful, genuine, and straightforward answers. It provides a systematic method to study the program, interview, practice, or to understand how effectively and well it will be going to achieve the goals. Nevertheless, all research should be convincing and presented logically. The question must be short and simple so that it becomes understandable for all kinds of audiences. It has been seen that most of the participants prefer closed-ended questions over open-ended. Therefore, it must be kept in mind that the questionnaire must contain both closed and open-ended questions presented locally. Such that the audience can relate to the questions, which will facilitate them in answering.

Task 9: Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to the intended audience demonstrating how outcomes meet set research objectives of the project.

Solution:

This research has been conducted to understand the daily use of smartphones by smartphone users and how inseparable it has become in today's world. But the problem is that the increasing digital health issues that are associated with it are increasingly growing concern among the people. This is why the researcher has conducted this study to closely verify the issue and find out some ways to mitigate the problem. The outcomes that are being expected are the data and the information that are being collected from the investigation and the survey that is being conducted (Ranieri et al., 2017). A lot of information has been taken from the articles, magazines, and the previous research report. The main aim is to improve the digital wellbeing and to design the technology in such a manner that the harmful effects are minimized and promotes healthy relation between the user and the smartphones. This is done for the sake of minimizing the digital hazards and enhancing a healthy life and healthy use of smartphones. The audience that is the smartphone users will be interested because it is conducted for their sake and acknowledging those they will be able to achieve a better life. Digital wellbeing considerations include limited screening time that can be over a minute or an hour. Reducing the strain in the eyes of the user. The products must have dark panels to limit the screen lights and features to adjust the light which will be soothing for the eyes. A study has said that overuse of smartphones leads to some serious mental health issues like the endless feeds in social media like Instagram and Facebook make the users stick to their phones and the endless scrolling impacts the brain and eyes badly. This often leads to depression, anxiety, impulsiveness, ADHD, etc (Peters et al., 2018). Implementing app timers which limit the use of a certain app. This helps in limiting the use of the app per day. Lastly, Google Shush is the feature that puts the device to not to disturb mode or flips the screen to grayscale at a specific time period (during bedtime) (Medina and Todd, 2017)

The outcomes that have been derived from the research helps in understanding the gaps and the areas of concern which the audience must know about. This research has met the objectives of the research and help in deriving more specific and well-built applications and features of the future smart phones which will minimize the negative impacts and enhance well being of the users.

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Task 10: Communicate critical analysis of the outcomes and make valid, justified recommendations in your presentation.

Solution:

As has been discussed previously there are several ways by which we exchange information from one to another. Like verbal communication which might use sign language or speak. Using a strong and confident speaking voice while avoiding filtering words. Written communication is another quite effective and efficient method of communication like preparing questionnaires and or sending emails or memo surveys or even online communication. The most preferred medium is the online survey of the closed-ended questions of such that the audience can relate to the questions, which will facilitate them in answering (Trencher and Karvonen, 2019). Take advantage of new technologies and make use of them. Interviewing individual people is a very time taking process which requires a lot of labor, therefore, sampling is the best possible way. In mixed media methods, the researcher must give equal attention to both the qualitative and quantitative methods, for the reason that it may result in practical constraints on data collection or due to the need to understand one form of data collection and proceed to the next. According to the learner, the participants must be well aware about the importance of conducting this research and the purpose of it and how it will benefit them. They should be well aware of the reason and the topic of the research, but it need not tell them about the process of the research which is believed to give an honest and spontaneous reply to the questions (Bordi et al., 2018). A sudden approach to the participants often derives truthful, genuine, and straightforward answers. Emphasizing on the short replies are been the best method since it quick and it gives an opportunity to survey quite a lot of people, which gives a better understanding.

The expected outcome of the research is to identify gaps and areas of concern. This will lead to more strategic and technologically advanced ways to solve the issues besides educating people about the negative impacts of overusing smart phones It has been identified that given topic area also have impacts on deciding what research tools and ways a researcher should adopt for achieving better success in due course.

Task 11: Then reflect on the effectiveness of research methods applied for meeting objectives of the computing research project.

Solution:

Effectiveness of the research method that has been applied for conducting the research project.

Plan of the research methodology is included with primary and secondary data collection
process; therefore, could be said, this study includes a mixed method. The outline of the methodology will include an inductive approach for secondary data analysis and collection as well as deductive for primary data collection and analysis. Along with this, both research philosophies will be included in this study. Both the quantitative, qualitative, and secondary sources of information will be helpful to fulfill primary and secondary data collection needs (El Saddik, 2018). When it comes to effectiveness the mixed media is one of the most effective means of communication and conducting research, which gives out the best result of the research. Mix media makes use of the aggregate data, and it is one of the simplest forms. The mixed-media includes prevention of the false-positive outcomes due to population and related structures, rather it gives accurate and specific results. This increases power and accuracy in the study, besides lowering the computational cost.

The research has also made use of the data analysis tools through surveying selected participants and for the quantitative data evaluation tools. Conducting interviews has always been the most identified and effective way of meeting the objectives of computing research projects. This method gives a detailed insight into the minds of the participants which leads to an in-depth study. The information and the data that are being collected on conducting the study gives much detailed and appropriate information. Additionally, this study has searched different theoretical sources and made two different themes for conducting the thematic secondary analysis effectively.

Recommended actions for future improvements.

Though the concerned method has been proved to be excellent with conducting the concerned research and market analysis, few recommendations are listed here to make it better. Firstly comes the primary analysis of the market which will give an overall idea of the market and the audiences and the perception of the people. Then comes scheduling, which is setting a schedule and a framework of the research to meet the deadlines. Take advantage of new technologies and make use of them. Interviewing individual people is a very time taking process which requires a lot of labor, therefore, sampling is the best possible way (Hasan and Linger, 2016). However, it too requires careful selection of people to avoid bias. The researcher must have been putting more attention on the market research which gives a better outcome though it is a difficult process. In mixed media methods, the researcher must give equal attention to both the qualitative and quantitative methods, for the reason that it may result in practical constraints on data collection or due to the need to understand one form of data collection and proceed to the next. It is not at all an easy process that has several barriers and hurdles (Anderson and Rainie, 2018). Therefore, conducting research on social media and online research is the best and the most convenient way to deal with the situation. It is the best way as it saves time for both the researcher and the participants.

Task 12: Consider alternative research methodologies for the chosen research project and lessons learnt in view of the outcomes.

Solution:

Considering alternative research method and its application

From the above study, it could be seen that mixed method have been applied in this study and analysis of the mixed method based on the selected topic has also been done with the data collection and secondary data collection and result identification. Comparison, to this method application, it could be suggested that Primary data collection and analysis method could be applied here. It is known that Primary method include both the qualitative and quantitative data collection method. This study could apply the quantitative data analysis method for analysing and identifying the exact number of usages of mobile wellbeing applications among a targeted group (Pearson, 2017). In this regard, it could be said that the Primary method could be applied through only qualitative data analysis. As this study has shown that certain among of people have been targeted to conduct the survey through questionnaire, the alternative research methodology would be conducted on the students and how the smartphone usage is affecting their mental health conditions. In this way, a particular and concise population should be studied. This will bring the opportunity to the researcher to focus more on a particular segment of the population he or she what to study. Generally, this type of approach toward research methodology and research in general given mire in-depth results and analysis.

On the other hand, in case of alternative methodology application for the same study, it could be said that deductive research design, explanatory research approach could be applied. Application of these types of methodologies would be effective in identifying the main problematic areas related to the smartphone usage and the frequency of mobile application usage among the students to understand their mental health conditions (Reider, 2017). This type of study will also helpful in developing the overall scope of the study by evaluating the problems and its critical influence on current condition based on what research area has been chosen.

Lessons learnt in the view of outcomes
Application of the Primary data collection and analysis alone could help in collecting more practical information on how much Mobile application is present in the market and how much of people are aware of that. Through this research methodologies, it could be easy to track the different mobile applications and its features as pert of the survey analysis. This will help the researcher in underling how many applications are effective and modified for people so that they could get any useful answer if asked questions in the applications (Busse et al., 2017). Additionally, it could be said that application of this method could be compared with the lessons learnt from the previous study conducted. It could be said that the previous mixed methodology applied in this study has been proved effective in identification of the previous studies in the same field of computing research project. Though, it could be said that smartphone users' mental health and impact of smartphone on users' mental health and wellbeing is still a controversial issue, therefore, application of field analysis and data collection would be more effective and practical in this context.

It could be said that primary data analysis methodology would be used through suggesting a particular application of mental health detection and wellbeing that is popular among the users as per its download times. Then the researcher would ask the same group regarding what they find most effective features of this application and how they are going to help the affected people. In this regard, this type of survey is also useful in identifying the limitations of the application and taking suggestions from the users, development in the application could be done effectively in the future (Busse et al., 2017). In a nutshell, it could be said that applying Primary research methodologies only is also effective and the researcher should investigate time on providing more inclusive and practical results from the study that are valid and could be implied in the future study development.

Task 13: Provide critical reflection and insight of the research that result in recommended actions for improvements and future research considerations.

Solution:

Merits of the research process and data collection
From the above study analysis and data collection method, it could be initially seen that application of mixed research method has been done through both secondary and primary data collection and analysis. The secondary data collection method and analysis have been proved effective in this study as this brings the theoretical empirical study of the chosen research area (Molina-Azorin, 2016). It could be said that through application of the secondary data collection, the researcher has been capable of collecting the previous studies done on the impact on smartphones of people and how the wellbeing applications are helping people in the digital age. Through application of thus of this type of data analysis method, the theoretical base of the entire study has been developed effectively. Understanding the topic and research area is equally important for a researcher as the practical study development. On the other hand, the primary data collection merits could be judged through its effectiveness in survey method. The researcher has been helpful in conducting the survey on selected group of people and the actual use of applications for mental illness and wellbeing have been understood here (Täuscher and Laudien, 2018). The responses gathered through this methodology would be helpful for the future studies in case of underlining how much growth had been done in metal illness and wellbeing treatments and how the future treatments should be done.

Limitations of the research process and data collection
Though, it could be said that mixed method of study and methodology application has proved effective on various aspects for this study, there are also some limitations that has been arrested. In case of secondary data collection process, the information access is still considered as one of the greatest limitations for any given study area. This study is also not exempted from that. Though the empirical study is important in understanding theoretical and knowledge development, many information have not been achieved by the researcher due to limit access credibility (Madondo and Phiri, 2018). It could be said that if more critical studies have been achieved then results of the secondary data collection could be more holistic. On the other hand, some of the articles and journals have been rejected by the researcher due to its credibility issues, therefore, in secondary study and data collection credibility analysis become a limitation here.

Pitfalls of approaches to data collection and analysis
Pitfalls of approaches to data collection and evaluation would be stated here based on the primary data analysis methodology. The primary data collection has one of the common limitations, which is time. It could be said that due to time limitation the survey group could not be developed more. Usually, in mobile mental health and wellbeing, identification and survey on a large number of populations could have been more constructive in evaluating the impact. It could be said that due to time limitation proper and in-depth analysis of the population has not been done (Mekkodathil et al., 2019). On the other hand, it could be said that the results of primary data analysis have been done using excel and as a software here. Though, this type of analysis is common and fundamental, the simulation study could have been done for understanding frequency of mobile application uses for mental wellbeing and the level of population are encouraged using it in future. Additionally, it could be said that due to time limitation in the primary research analysis and data collection, the qualitative study has not been done so structurally (Mekkodathil et al., 2019). The qualitative study included interviewing managers from the app developing organizations and how they think about the mobile applications in tracking and resolving mental heath issues. The questions were limited; therefore, perceptions and future development scope could not be identified as expected.

Reasons for selecting this research method and analysis
One of the main reasons for applying the mixed method in the research of studying role of digital wellbeing application in enhancing the mental and physical health of Smartphone usersby creating awareness regarding the digital hazards is that its holistic approach. It could be said that through applying mixed method, the researcher has been able to study the both levels and areas of research and included that in this study (McKim, 2017). As mixed methodology include both the primary and secondary data collection; both the theoretical aspect and the practical usage have been come out. On the other hand, it could be said that, another effective reason of using this research method is its applicability in the future studies. In the future studies, the researches will be benefited in using both the research results or even if they want to evaluate any one of the research results; they could also do that (Morse, 2016). Collaborating both secondary and primary data analysis and results are more advisable and realistic than applying any singular data collection methodology.

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Task 14: Demonstrate reflection and engagement in the resource process leading to recommended actions for future improvement of the research project.

Solution:

Engagement in the research and resource process
From the above study, it could be identified that engagement in the research process are manifolded. In the first level, the researcher has shown effective understanding in identifying and applying the philosophy, approach and design for the mixed method research. It could be said that for any research types or methodologies application requires adequate knowledge on the theoretical background of how and why this type of data collection and analysis should be used. In this regard. identification and their justifications cited in the above part of this study are the prove. On the second level, it could be seen that the way the secondary data collection and its analysis has been divided is also effective in identifying relations of the study done with the objectives of the study (Parkavi et al., 2017). In this regard, it could be said that engagement in the resource process for the study is evident. The researcher has done effective job in identifying the secondary resources needed for evaluating without the access limitation that have been underlined above. Additionally, the research and data collection done also providing facts on primary resource management in a strategic way. The primary data collection resources have been maintained under the budget for conducting the survey and all the mandatory paper works have been done by the researcher. The resource such as software for analysing the primary data collection, technologies used for communicating with the managers for the interview included in the Qualitative research have also managed and applied effectively in this research.

Future recommended actions

Future recommendation on resource process actions and overall research approach actions could be discussed in two areas. In the first stage, it could be said that, researcher could adopt the primary data collection and analysis method as discussed briefly in the above section. It could be said that through the primary data collection and application, researcher would be effective in understanding how a major population is dealing with the smartphone mental wellbeing apps and how they are interested in recommending these applications to others in need. This process will also be effective for the researcher in identifying the developments need in the applications as per the smartphone users. In the second level, in case of resource process, it could be recommended that researcher should look on the benefits and opportunities of the study area before identifying the resources. If the budget is limited then resource allocation and identification process should be done more strategically. In that case depending on only quantitative or qualitative data analysis process would be far more effective. This is as, researcher will be able to concentrate more on the responses collected by the specific candidates. In a nutshell, it could be said that understanding what the responses are pointing is far more essential in evaluation so that effective outcomes of mobile wellbeing and mental health tracking apps' usage could be accessed.

Conclusion
This research has also shown that most of the people are suffering from these above mentioned mental health issues, while going inside it reveals that overuse leads to these problems, especially depression and anxiety. Furthermore, it also leads to sleeping disorders and irregular sleeping patterns which is a serious issue of today's world. The study also reveals that most people are unaware of the fact that these are caused by the overuse of digital devices. However, the problem is that these have become an inseparable part of our daily life. Therefore establishing a healthy relationship with digital media has become increasingly important. The research has received a good response from the participants and has given a detailed insight into the people's minds, which gave an idea to the researcher that the technologies can no way be separated from the people. Therefore, the outcomes gave an overall idea of how it can be managed with digital wellbeing tools. Like website blockers, with this few websites can be blocked, for a certain time period or sometimes forever, according to the convenience of the users.

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COMMENTS(0)

    Diana Gates 7/18/2022 4:45:32 AM

    Even though deadline is bit far but I need Tasks of the course, part by part to show my professor for feedback. Next class on Thursday and meantime already two classes have been attended. I need to submit P1 - that is Research Proposal Form has to be submitted and P2 - Research methodology to explain. Before anything I need to book Project Title and Project - Topic, so that other student can't take the same Title, they have to select separate Tile for their research. on Digital Well-being.

    Vizz 7/18/2022 4:44:27 AM

    I have to make my choice of Topic and Topic Title on Digital Well-being to reserve the seat so other student can't take the same Title. Total 26 Classes - I have already attended two classes 5 and 7th Apr, every week 3 classes Sun-Tue-Thur- . I need to submit Tasks every Task for my professor's feedback. So I have go with the classes and feedback after my work on every task. Now I need to submit P1 - proposal form and P2 - Methodology, I am sending you all the documents for your consideration also a small doc file where I have worked something about project Title, it's just a thought not submitted yet to my teacher. Kindly check all let me know if we can work together.

    Julie Green 7/18/2022 4:43:33 AM

    and I should prepare P1 & P2 by Thursday better, before that I must prepare Project Title and Project Topic. What you have chosen on "Digital Well-being" can you tell me? Assignment should be done as per the classes go on. I have attended already two classes next class on 9 Aprl - weekly 3 classes Sun-Tue-Thur. Now P1 & P2 I need to show my professor for feedback and before anything, I need to submit my Topic and Topic Title, so I can reserve my seat so other student can''t take the same topic. I have enclosed a small word file where, I tried something but not yet submitted.

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Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria:

Learning Outcome

Pass

Merit

Distinction

LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process

P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis supported by a literature review.

P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to primary and secondary research.

 

M1 Evaluate different research approaches and methodology and make justifications for the choice of methods selected based on philosophical/theoretical frameworks.

D1 Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes in application to a computing research project to justify chosen research methods and analysis.

LO2 Conduct and analyse research relevant for a business research project

P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a computing research project that consider costs, access and ethical issues.

P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools, analyse research findings and data.

 

M2 Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to data collection and analysis.

LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders

P5 Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate manner for the intended audience.

M3 Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to the intended audience demonstrating how outcomes meet set research objectives.

D2 Communicate critical analysis of the outcomes and make valid, justified recommendations.

LO4 Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

P6 Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods applied for meeting objectives of the computing research project.

P7 Consider alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view of the outcomes.

M4 Provide critical reflection and insight that results in recommended actions for improvements and future research considerations.

D3 Demonstrate reflection and engagement in the resource process leading to recommended actions for future improvement.

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