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Qualification - Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Construction and the Built Environment
Unit Number and Name - Unit 03 Science and Materials
Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcome 1: Review health and safety regulations and legislation associated with the storage, handling and use of materials on a construction site.
Learning Outcome 2: Discuss the environmental and sustainability factors which can impact on and influence the material choices for a construction project.
Learning Outcome 3: Present material choices for a given building using performance properties, experimental data, sustainability and environmental consideration.
Learning Outcome 4: Evaluate the performance of a given building in respect of its human comfort requirements.
Assignment Brief
You are employed by a large general contractor, as a Design Build Technician. The company has recently appointed a new Managing Director who has decided to shift the company's focus towards greater use of sustainable practices. To achieve this, the Managing Director has asked you to prepare reports on how to improve sustainability and awareness of the environmental impact of construction activities within the construction process.
The Managing Director suggests that your presentation covers the following tasks:
TASK 1
a) Explain the main procedures involved in the safe storage of construction materials and construction waste on site
b) Some materials need special handling either due to their weight or to the effect they may have on health, outline the procedures involved with a material containing dangerous dust and a second where weight is an issue
c) Outline how a risk assement is conducted on the excavation of a service trench aand compare this with the risks of working on scaffolding. Prepare a risk assessment for cutting a concrete paving slab and show how these procedures help improve the standard of Health and Safety in modern construction sites.
d) Explain how many different health and safety regulations such as Constructin Design Management and other recent developments in health and safety regulations apply to a site activity with which you are familiar helping to ensure a safe handling and use of the materials used.
TASK 2
(a) Explain material environmental profiling and life cycle assessment in a civil engineering context. Show how this is influencing the choice of materials for a specific construction project with which you might be familiar or where a case study is available.
(b) Discuss the benefits of product declaration and environmental certification in establishing a good environmental profile either for a construction project that you are famillar with or a case study that has been published..
(c) Produce a waste management plan for a given project, taking into account a typical range of relevant waste materials.
(d) Give examples of sustainable practices and considerations for material choice which have contributed to good environmental ratings for a typical building. (For this part it is suggested that you consult the information available from the BRE
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TASK 3
(a) Taking the results from tests that you have conducted in the laboratory, show that different materials are suitable for use in the building structural framework, or in provision of insulation
(b) Discuss these results in terms of the material properties and regulatory requirements.
(c) Show how testing procedures are designed to overcome the variation inherent in construction materials and how statistical methods are used to investigate results that are very different from those of most of the other values in the sample.
(d) The choice of building materials for the outside of the building are to be selected for their performance and environmental characteristics. Suggest suitable materials and state clearly why this choice has been made.
(e) Examine the choice of materials for the columns in the building referring to Euler's buckling formula to show how the main considerations that are needed to prevent buckling. Give an example of the testing procedure that would be used to check that the material would be able to support a structure.
(f) Show how the use of appropriate materials and other sustainable practices and design work contribute to an improved environmental rating .
TASK 4
Scenario
As a new HND Civil Engineering graduate you are employed by a medium sized construction company seeking to establish good environmental credentials. They have a contract to build a new multi-use development including offices, flats, a public space and retail or other space accessible to the public. The site previously ownded by the local authority contained a chemicals factory which has been demolished and the site decontaminated by the local authority prior to selling to a property developer who has awarded the contract to the company on condition that the development meets high environmental standards.
The site extends to some 20,000m2 of which 12,000m2 is to be a public open space with children's play ground and a leisure area where city centre workers can enjoy lunch in the open air. The footprint ot the development is 8,000m2 and may be built as high as 40m. The public access part of the development will run along the main road which is on the north side of the site with a frontage of 200m. it will have 10 each floor will have 3.5m of space from floor to ceiling floors with a slab floor at each level with a thickness of 0.4m
(a) State clearly what are the five main requirements for human comfort within the building under construction.
(b) For each of the main requirements in a) above indicate what characteristics are needed in the materials used in the structure to ensure human comfort with the minimum of environmental disturbance.
(c) There are several office areas within this multi-use building, show what charctersitics of materials and passive design choices used for this area which will help to promote human comfort..
(d) Estimate the rate in kilowatts at which heat needs to be generated in the building to maintain an inside temperature of 200C when the outside temperature is at 00C assuming that the windows make up 30% of the outside wall area. That the walls are insulated to a U value of 0.2,watts m-2 0C-1 the roof and floor to a U value of 0.23 watts m-2 0C-1 and the windows (triple glazed have a U value of 0.9 watts m-2 0C-1.
(e) If the building is designed for 150 occupants some of whom are sitting most of the time but some are quite active assume that the average need for fresh air averages out at 8 litres per second per person. Calculate how much heat would be lost supplying this amount of cold fresh air when the outside air is at 00C assuming that the specific heat capacity of the air is 1kJm-3 oC-1
(f) One of the spaces inside the building is used for meetings and can hold up to 200 people if needed. The dimensions of this space are 17m x 30mx8m high. The walls of this are 30% glass with an absorption coefficient of (double glazing with 10mm gap) at 500Hz = 0.03, the walls of acoustic timber wall panelling 0.42, the floor as carpeted over concrete is 0.25 and the ceiling is covered with perforated plaster board with an absorption coefficient of 0.85. Calculate the reverberation time of this space.
(g) Discuss what is menat by passive and active design. Show how passive and active design methods can reduce the energy used by the occupants of the building, minimise the use of non- renewable materials, cut down on water use and minimise the footprint of the building.
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Pass
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Merit
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Distinction
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LO1 Review health and safety regulations and legislation associated with the storage, handling and use of materials on a construction site
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LO1
D1 Discuss how multiple regulations and legislation would apply to a given site activity, highlighting how to plan and manage for safe handling and use.
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P1 Explain how regulations impact on the use, storage and handling of a selection of vocationally typical construction materials.
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M1 Assess how risk assessments can be used to address significant hazards posed by selected materials or activities.
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LO2 Discuss the environmental and sustainability factors which impact on and influence the material choices for a construction project
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P2 Explain material
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M2 Produce a waste
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LO2 LO3
D2 Illustrate how the use of sustainable practices and considerations for material choice can improve the environmental rating of the completed building.
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environmental profiling and
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management plan for a
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lifecycle assessment. Use a
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given project, taking into
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relevant material to exemplify
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account a typical range of
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your explanation.
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relevant waste materials.
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P3 Discuss the benefits of product declaration and environmental certification.
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LO3 Present material choices for a given building using performance properties, experimental data, sustainability and environmental consideration
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P4 Present the results of relevant testing procedures to identify performance characteristics of selected construction materials.
P5 Discuss the results in terms of the material properties and regulatory requirements, highlighting any unexpected results and why these may occur.
P6 Select construction materials for a given building based upon their performance properties in use.
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M3 Assess the effects of loading structural materials and compare the behaviours and performance of materials which could be used for the same function.
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LO4 Evaluate the performance of a given building in respect of its human comfort requirements.
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P7 Define a material selection strategy with regard to human comfort requirements.
P8 Identify materials for a selected area within a building and explain how these contribute to a balanced indoor environment.
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M4 Perform calculations which relate to a selected area (lux levels, u-values, acoustic and ventilation).
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LO4
D3 Evaluate how the use of passive or active strategies can minimise energy, materials, water, and land use.
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