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7AAD0038 Flight Mechanics Assignment Help

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7AAD0038 Flight Mechanics Assignment

Assignment Title - Analysis of the downwash at the tail of an aircraft

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Learning Outcomes -

LO1 - Develop a knowledge and understanding of aircraft response under a wide range of flight conditions.

Answer: Understanding aircraft response involves comprehending how an aircraft reacts to various flight conditions, such as changes in altitude, speed, or atmospheric disturbances. This knowledge is essential for pilots, engineers, and designers to ensure safe and efficient flight operations. By studying factors like aerodynamics, flight controls, stability, and dynamics, one can predict how an aircraft will behave in different scenarios. This understanding is crucial for designing aircraft that are both safe and maneuverable, as well as for pilots to make informed decisions during flight.

LO2 - Describe or analyse an aircraft's typical dynamic behaviour under a wide range of flight conditions.

Answer: An aircraft's dynamic behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including its design, weight distribution, and the specific flight conditions it encounters. Under normal flight conditions, an aircraft exhibits stable behavior, maintaining its desired attitude and heading. However, when faced with disturbances like turbulence, gusts, or pilot inputs, its response can vary. For instance, during takeoff or landing, the aircraft experiences significant changes in lift and drag, affecting its pitch and roll. In flight, gusts can cause sudden changes in attitude, requiring the pilot to make corrective inputs. Factors like aircraft weight and center of gravity also play a crucial role in determining its stability and maneuverability. Overall, an aircraft's dynamic behavior is a complex interplay of aerodynamic forces, control inputs, and external factors, all of which contribute to its performance and safety.

LO3 - Investigate the static stability and control characteristics of an aircraft under a wide range of conditions.

Answer: Static stability refers to an aircraft's inherent tendency to return to a specified equilibrium condition after being disturbed. Control characteristics, on the other hand, determine how well an aircraft responds to pilot inputs. To investigate these characteristics under a wide range of conditions, engineers and designers employ various methods:
Theoretical Analysis: Using mathematical models and equations to predict an aircraft's stability and control characteristics. This involves analyzing factors like the location of the center of gravity, wing geometry, and control surface effectiveness.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): Simulating airflow over an aircraft using computer software. CFD can provide detailed insights into the aerodynamic forces acting on the aircraft, allowing engineers to assess its stability and control characteristics.
Wind Tunnel Testing: Experimentally studying an aircraft's behavior in a controlled environment. Wind tunnels can be used to simulate various flight conditions and measure the aircraft's response to disturbances and control inputs.
Flight Testing: Evaluating an aircraft's stability and control characteristics in real-world flight conditions. Flight testing provides valuable data on how the aircraft behaves in different environments and under various operating conditions.

By combining these methods, engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of an aircraft's static stability and control characteristics. This information is crucial for ensuring that the aircraft is safe, maneuverable, and easy to fly.

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Assignment Brief - The aim of this assignment is to reinforce student knowledge of aircraft dynamics and static stability through practical experience with a flight simulator.

The assignment involves working through the exercises identified on the attached sheet and gathering the necessary data to answer the specific questions. You will then write and submit a short report in accordance with the requirements given in the attached briefing sheet.

Submission Requirements - Students shall submit a flight test report of no more than 10 pages. Your report should be separated into two, clearly labelled sections: A and B, that address each of the two main tasks outlined in the assignment brief. The content in each section should include:

1. Introduction: A brief description of the Flight Test exercises including the aims and objectives

2. Method: A brief description of the manoeuvres used to obtain the relevant flight data

3. Results: A description of the results including graphs of the relevant data

4. Discussion and Conclusion: A description of your analysis and a summary of the conclusions you are able to make from them.

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Flight Mechanics: Flight Simulator Assignment

You will carry out three exercises. The first is a familiarisation exercise and should not be included in your report.

The second and third exercises are flight tests to look at various aspects of aircraft stability and control and should comprise the content of your report (parts A and B).

Exercises for part A and B need to be carried out by students working in pairs or groups of up to four students. If you would like help finding a group of students to work with, please contact a member of the module teaching team.

Familiarisation exercise -

The purpose of the familiarisation exercise is to:

- ensure that you are familiar with the basic controls of the aircraft in pitch, roll and yaw.

- demonstrate and provide hands-on experience of trimmed flight - i.e. straight and level (S&L) flight requiring no continuous force applied to the control stick.

NB. Just as with a real aircraft, perfectly trimmed flight can sometimes be difficult to achieve, and pilots may on occasion have to satisfy themselves with a result that "close enough" for the purpose.

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Tasks -

i. Initiate the aircraft with a clean configuration in the air at an altitude of 10,000 ft and a speed of 80 knots EAS and 75 mm throttle.

ii. Trim out any residual roll (this can be done with differential throttle)

iii. Achieve longitudinal trim (if not trimmed already) using longitudinal trim switch.

Part A - Longitudinal static stability investigation

You will carry out an exercise to investigate the longitudinal static stability of the aircraft. The aim is to investigate how centre of gravity (CG) position affects the longitudinal stability of the aircraft and determine the necessary trim settings for different speeds and altitudes.

Task -

i. Select a suitable range of CG's to test (minimum of five, and more preferably) covering both forward and aft of the default CG position.

ii. Attempt to establish longitudinal trim by using the longitudinal elevator/trim controls for speeds in the range of 60 - 120 knots.

iii. Assess the level of static stability by perturbing the aircraft gently out of trim and noting its behaviour.

iv. Collect sufficient data to plot the following:

- Change in longitudinal trim control settings against airspeed, VT, and lift coefficient, CL, for different CG positions.

- Change in longitudinal trim settings against different CG positions.

v. Using your data or plots, calculate the CG margin for each test case, as well as the neutral point for your aircraft.

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Part B - Phugoid flight test exercise

The purpose of the phugoid exercise is to:

(i) Initiate a phugoid and record the relevant data.

(ii) Demonstrate the effect of CG position on phugoid period and damping characteristics.

(iii) Deduce the aerodynamic drag coefficient in the given flight condition from time to half amplitude.

Phugoid Response Test - In Straight and Level Flight

The phugoid can be initiated by implementing a sudden dive or climb to achieve a target pitch angle, and then releasing the controls again. The characteristics of the phugoid vary with the position of the CG.

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Tasks -

i. Initiate the aircraft with a CG position of 10%. Establish longitudinal trim at 10,000ft and a speed of 250kt EAS and 75mm throttle as above.

ii. Apply 15o nose down or nose up pitch and release the stick. Allow aircraft to respond. Switch on the event marker.

iii. Allow the aircraft several minutes to respond in order to obtain several cycles. Switch off the event marker.

iv. Repeat the above steps for CG positions of 20% and 30%.

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Phugoid Analysis for Aircraft Disturbed from Straight and Level Flight

Carry out the following analysis for THREE CG positions.

(1) Determine the period of the motion by plotting TAS against time.

(2) Determine the time to half amplitude from the equation:

t1/2 = Δtloge2/loge(x1/x2)

where x1, x2 are amplitudes Δt seconds apart on TAS against time plot.

(3) Compare the measured period against the theoretical period prediction given by: Ttheory = 0.4528VTASm/s =  0.2331VTAS kts

(4) Calculate CL for the aircraft in the steady flight condition.

(5) Calculate CD using the formula: µ = - (g/U)(CD/CL) where µ is the real root of the characteristic equation.

(6) Use your value of μ to determine a value of the natural undamped frequency.

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