EN0719 Advanced Embedded System and Technologies Assignment Help

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EN0719 Advanced Embedded System and Technologies Assignment

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Title - Embedded System Project

Learning Outcomes assessed in this assessment -

A. Knowledge & Understanding

i. Critically analyse design specification requirements, for an embedded microcontroller application and choose appropriate microcontrollers and appropriate development tools in order to implement a specification.

Answer: When critically analyzing design specification requirements for an embedded microcontroller application, it is essential to consider several key factors, including performance, power consumption, peripheral support, memory requirements, and cost. The application's specific needs, such as processing speed, real-time capabilities, and environmental conditions, dictate the selection of an appropriate microcontroller. For instance, a high-performance application might require a microcontroller with a fast clock speed and ample memory, whereas a low-power application might prioritize energy efficiency. The choice of development tools is equally important, as it should align with the microcontroller's architecture and support efficient coding, debugging, and testing. Integrated development environments (IDEs), compilers, and in-circuit debuggers must be compatible with the microcontroller and allow for streamlined development. Ultimately, the chosen microcontroller and development tools must work cohesively to meet the design specifications effectively, ensuring that the application performs reliably under the required conditions.

ii. Develop suitable hardware for interfacing to microcontroller based systems and the co-requisite application software to satisfy system specifications

Answer: Developing suitable hardware for interfacing with microcontroller-based systems requires a deep understanding of both the microcontroller's capabilities and the system's overall specifications. The hardware design must ensure seamless communication between the microcontroller and peripheral devices, which may involve selecting appropriate sensors, actuators, communication modules, and interface circuits like analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) or pulse-width modulation (PWM) units. Consideration of factors such as signal integrity, power supply requirements, and noise reduction is critical in ensuring reliable operation. The co-requisite application software must be tailored to control and manage these hardware components efficiently, often involving low-level programming to handle real-time data processing, interrupt management, and device drivers. The software should also be optimized to meet performance requirements, such as processing speed and memory usage, while providing a user-friendly interface for monitoring and controlling the system. Together, the hardware and software must be tightly integrated to satisfy the overall system specifications, ensuring that the final product is both functional and robust in its intended application.

B. Intellectual/Professional skills & abilities

i. Ability to design embedded software, interfacing hardware and select appropriate development tools to achieve a particular specification.

Answer: Designing embedded software, interfacing hardware, and selecting appropriate development tools to meet a particular specification requires a comprehensive approach that balances functionality, efficiency, and reliability. The embedded software must be designed with a clear understanding of the system's requirements, ensuring that it can effectively control hardware components, manage real-time operations, and handle any communication protocols involved. This often involves writing efficient, low-level code that is optimized for the specific microcontroller being used, with careful consideration of memory constraints and processing power. The interfacing hardware must be designed to enable seamless communication between the microcontroller and external devices, such as sensors, actuators, or communication modules, ensuring that signals are transmitted accurately and without interference. Selecting appropriate development tools, such as Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), compilers, and debugging tools, is crucial for streamlining the development process, enabling efficient coding, testing, and troubleshooting. The right tools will support the specific microcontroller architecture and provide features that enhance productivity, such as simulation capabilities and real-time debugging. By carefully designing the software, hardware, and choosing the right tools, the system can be tailored to meet the exact specifications, ensuring optimal performance and reliability.

ii. Demonstrate a knowledge and awareness of the need to develop microelectronic systems, not only to satisfying specifications, but also the commercial and legal requirements of potential products.

Answer: Demonstrating knowledge and awareness in the development of microelectronic systems involves understanding the importance of not only meeting technical specifications but also adhering to commercial and legal requirements. This means that while the system must be designed to function effectively within the defined technical parameters-such as performance, power consumption, and durability-consideration must also be given to factors like cost-efficiency, market viability, and scalability to ensure the product's commercial success. Legal requirements, including compliance with industry standards, intellectual property laws, and safety regulations, must be integrated into the design process to avoid potential legal issues and ensure the product can be legally sold and distributed in target markets. Understanding these broader commercial and legal contexts is crucial for creating microelectronic systems that are not only technically sound but also market-ready, meeting the demands of both consumers and regulatory bodies. This holistic approach ensures that the product is competitive, compliant, and positioned for success in the marketplace.

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C. Personal Values Attributes

i. Ability to use CAD to design embedded systems satisfying both engineering and legal obligations.

Details - An individual, word processed project report based on the embedded system project specified in this assessment specification needs to be completed.

Instructions - This is an individual assignment. You are expected to follow the requirements in the assessment specification and must complete the codes development and project report. You will record your results and show the results in your report. You are also expected to take photos of the system you build up and the results of your tests, draw flowchart diagrams to explain the workflow and execution procedure of your program, draw diagrams to show the data collected in your test and results analysis, insert these photos/diagrams into the report to demonstrate your program and results.

You are required to produce a single report of not more than 40 pages. Referencing Style: IEEE numbered referencing.

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A. Introduction

This course work examines the student's knowledge and skills of developing embedded programs for a ARM microprocessor by using the embedded C language, the concept of finite state machine (FSM), flowchart and the MBed tool chain. The skills of reading electronic schematics and using the schematics to achieve in-depth understanding of the hardware boards.

Your hardware platform is the NXP (also known as Freescale) KL25Z development board and the multi-function board (also known as shield).

The coursework involves two kinds of work:

(i) Project work (about 40 hours)

This is for hardware development, software development, build and test. The students are required to develop programs to read input values from switches, a touch pad, and take command strings from a PC via the UART and to display sequences on LEDs. The students are also required to develop a turnstile controller and integrate all these functions it into a single project.

(ii) Project report (about 10 hours)

An individual, word processed project report based on the embedded system project specified in this assessment specification needs to be completed and submitted.

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B. Content of the coursework and format guidelines

The report should contain an abstract, table of contents and at least the following chapters, namely (1). Introduction, (2) Overall System Design, (3) RGB LED control via UART, (4) Touch pad and travelling LEDs, (5) falling LED balls, (6) Turnstile gate controller, (7) Conclusion, related to these four functions.

Flowcharts and state machine charts should be used extensively, clearly representing and describing the overall software design and the main loop in the source file 'main.cpp'.

Chapter (2) should contain clear explanation of the overall main function that integrates the four functions, along with clear flowcharts and program listings.

Chapters (3), (4), (5) and (6) should contain explanations of all software developed, with flowcharts and program listings. Results of tests should also be summarized and analysed in depth, including evidence of testing, waveforms, results of testing, by using photos, screenshot, figures, diagrams as well as detailed explanation in text. The user interface (UART communication protocols, format of commands and returned information, definitions of each switch's function) should also be illustrated and explained in related chapters.

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C. Overview of the project

The requirement of the project is for the individual student to develop C programs on the NXP (also known as Freescale) KL25Z hardware board and MBED software platform. The function of the programs will be to receive user command strings from a PC via UART, read user inputs from the switches, touch pad and onboard accelerometer and control LEDs.

The student is to develop an embedded program that implements the following functions:

1. Function 1 (RGB LED control via UART): to turn the onboard RGB tricolor LED on and off by typing a command string at a PC's terminal windows.

2. Function 2 (Touch pad and travelling LEDs): to turn one of the 4 LEDs on the Multi-function shield on and make the illuminated LED travel along the LED board when a finger moves along the touch pad on the KL25Z board.

3. Function 3 (a falling LED ball: a gravity accelerometer game): to turn on one of the 4 LEDs located on the EB004 LED board, and make the illuminated LED always move towards the earth (simulating the force of gravity) when tilting the KL25Z board.

4. Function 4 (Turnstile gate controller): to control a (simulated) turnstile and with good user interface for better user experiences.

D. Board connection and system configuration:

In this assessment, a Multi-function shield is needed and connected to the KL25Z development board. Fig. 3 below shows what it looks like when they are connected, where the Multi-function shield sits on the top of the KL25z board.

The multi-function shield is powered from the KL25z board via the J9 connector (5V pin and GND pin) of the KL25Z. The KL25Z board is powered from the OpenSDA USB port through a USB cable connected to a PC.

Detailed requirements for the overall program and each function are given as follows:

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E. Function Requirements

1. A single program integrates all these four functions.

A main program should be designed and developed such that all four functions are integrated into a single program. The user can select which function to be executed by pressing an associated switch, as shown in Fig. 5 below, where the definitions of these switches' functions are given. The first switch S1 (Previous Function -) and 2 nd switch S2 (Next Function +) are for user to select which function (1, 2, 3 and 4) to run and the 3rd switch S3 is for use to decided pause the selected program or resume the paused program.

By default, when the system is powered up, your program gets into function 1 (RGB LED control via UART) and wait for commands from the PC to turn LED on or off. Then, for example, if the 2nd switch S2 is pressed down and released once, the program enters next function which is Function 2 (Touch pad and travelling LEDs). Then the user can touch the touch pad and use fingers to move the lighted LED. The user may press the 3rd switch S3 to pause the program (so that the LED will not move and not response to the finger's movement at the touch pad). The user may press the 3 rd switch S3 again to resume the program,

The user may press S2 to select next function (e.g. Function 3, Function 4 and so on). The user may press S1 to select previous function (e.g, Function 3, Function 2, Function 1, etc).

Please note that, for better user experience, the user may press any one of other switches at any time to switch to the associated functions. For example, no matter which functions 1, 2, 3 or 4 the program is in now, once the S1 is pressed, the program should immediately switch to previous function 2 and start immediately.

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2. User-friendly interface design for better user experience.

Your program should have a friendly user interface by making use of the UART and LEDs. You need to design a friendly and easy-use user interaction interface. For example, use the UART or LEDs to prompt the user what to do next or report the status of your program whenever it is necessary and helpful for an improved user experience. Your program should also be able to cope with possible situations in which the user may press the wrong switches by mistake. For example, user may press two or three switches at the same time.

Think about how you can use the start and stop switches, or SW4/SW5, to allow the user to control these four functions easily and smoothly.

How additional features (e.g. + and - keys for configuring the values of the parameters of your data processing algorithms) can be added to your program by making use of these keys?

3. Specification of Function 1 (RGB LED control via UART):

In Function 1, the tricolor RGB LEDs on the KL25Z board are controlled by a PC through a serial communication interface. The serial communication interface is set to a 115200 baud, 8 bits, 1 stop-bit and no parity.

The FRDM KL25L board should be able to receive and determine the following commands and take appropriate actions to control the LED accordingly:

Please note the backslash ( \ ) character is used to escape characters that otherwise have a special meaning, such as \n means newline, \r is for carriage return. On "old" printers, \r sent the print head back to the start of the line, and \n advanced the paper by one line. Both were therefore necessary to start printing on the next line. Microsoft Windows tends to use \r\n as a line separator. Pressing the key "Enter" will produce the sequence of two backslash characters \r\n.

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4. Specification of Function 2 (Touch pad and travelling LEDs)

Function 2 incorporates the integrated touch pad on the KL25Z board to produce the following sequence on LEDs (travelling LED). Depending on the location where the user's finger is on the touch pad, the corresponding LED is turned on and other LEDs are off. When the user's finger moves along the touch pad, the illuminated LED moves accordingly. For example, swiping a finger from left to right will make the lighted LED travel from left to right, and vice versa. Fast swiping makes the LED travel fast and slow swiping makes the LED travel slowly.

Please note, the LED D1 is connected to the PTA2 of the KL25z processor. And D1 (PTA2) is also used as the UART0_TX pin for serial communication with the computer when the KL25z is connected via the USB to the computer. As a result, you may see the D1 may be turn on automatically caused by the UART0.

5. Specification of Function 3 (a falling LED ball: a gravity accelerometer game):

Function 3 is similar to function 2, but now the lighted LED is controlled by the tilt angle of the KL25Z board, so that the illuminated LED moves along the LED board like a falling ball dragged by the gravity and always moves towards the earth.

The program of function 3 should read the onboard MMA8451Q 3-Axis digital accelerometer, get the x, y and z-axis acceleration measurements and processing them to determine the tilt angle of the KL25Z board. Then the lighted LED is controlled by the tilt angle.

For a user-friendly interface, every 5 seconds, the x, y and z-axis measurements and the calculated angle should be sent to a PC via the UART and displayed clearly on the PC's screen.

Advanced data processing algorithm should be designed, for example, removing orientation dependency and the earth's gravitational acceleration, identifying and counting the cycles of the signal.

Meanwhile, for user-friendly interface and easy debugging, the x, y and z-axis measurement, the data processing results and number of steps should be sent to a PC via the UART and displayed clearly on the PC's screen.

6. Requirement for Function 4 (Turnstile gate controller)

Turnstiles are common gates used to to control access to subways, car parks, amusement park rides, etc. A typical example of turnstile is a gate with a coin receiver and rotating arms at waist height, one across the entryway. Initially the arms are locked and will not rotate to allow a passenger to pass through. Depositing a token or a coin in the slot of coin receiver unlocks the arms, allowing a single person to push through. After the person passes through, the arms are locked again until another token or coins is inserted.

Please note that, in this Function 4, the definition of each switch on the multi-function shield is redefined.

A finite state machine (FSM) with at least two states (LOCKED, UNLOCKED) should be designed and implemented for controlling the turnstile. The state of the turnstile and its behaviour are defined in the table below. Your program should use the tri-colour RGB LED and 4 LEDs (D1, D2, D3 and D4) to indicate the states of your FSM as well, which is defined in the last column of the table below.

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There are three types of events (inputs) to the turnstile, which is shown in the table below

In your flowchart design and code development, in particular, in detecting S1 and S2 for the coin and push events, please pay attention to the issues of switch bounce, which may affect the performance and results of your program.

In the coursework you should

Part A. Draw a diagram showing the interface hardware circuits necessary between the microcontroller KL25Z and peripheral devices (the switch board, the LED board, the inertial sensor, and the touch pad). Textual explanation about the diagram is needed with the I/O pin assignment.

Part B. Develop the State Diagram and Flow Chart for the design according to the specification.

Part C. Develop the C program by following the state diagram and flow chart to meet the specification.

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